新型Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn合金板材组织、织构和性能的优化调控

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00480

金属学报

2017, Vol. 53

Issue (8): 907-917 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00480

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

新型Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn合金板材组织、织构和性能的优化调控

陈懿, 郭明星(

), 易龙, 袁波, 李高洁, 庄林忠, 张济山

北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室北京 100083

Optimization and Controlling on the Microstructure, Texture and Properties of an Advanced Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn Alloy Sheet

Yi CHEN, Mingxing GUO(

), Long YI, Bo YUAN, Gaojie LI, Linzhong ZHUANG, Jishan ZHANG

State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

引用本文:

陈懿, 郭明星, 易龙, 袁波, 李高洁, 庄林忠, 张济山. 新型Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn合金板材组织、织构和性能的优化调控[J]. 金属学报, 2017, 53(8): 907-917.
Yi CHEN, Mingxing GUO, Long YI, Bo YUAN, Gaojie LI, Linzhong ZHUANG, Jishan ZHANG. Optimization and Controlling on the Microstructure, Texture and Properties of an Advanced Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn Alloy Sheet[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(8): 907-917.

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摘要:

通过OM、SEM、TEM观察以及EBSD和力学性能测试等手段研究了不同热加工工艺对Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn合金板材组织、织构和成形性能,以及固溶淬火后等温时效对其析出行为的影响规律。结果表明,2种热加工工艺对T4P预时效态合金的强度和应变硬化指数n基本无影响,但是对平均塑性应变比 $r ?$ 、Δr以及不同方向延伸率影响显著;不同热加工过程对合金组织和织构演化均有影响,成形性能较好的固溶淬火态合金板材平均晶粒尺寸略大且呈双模型晶粒尺寸分布特征,其织构组分较多,但是强度较低。对该淬火态合金进行185 ℃人工时效20 min,其硬度即可升高65 HV,进一步时效到5 h达到峰值硬度132 HV,对应的拉伸性能可达R_p=318 MPa,R_m=364 MPa,A=13%,拉伸断口为典型的塑性断裂。该合金在185 ℃时效时仍以Mg-Si相析出为主,如β"、β' 和Q'相等,峰时效后β"相主要沿b轴方向生长,最后转化为β' 和Q'相,合金表现出较好的时效稳定性。

关键词 ： Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn合金, 热加工, 织构, 成形性能, 沉淀析出

Abstract：

To reduce the weight of car body, Al-Mg-Si-Cu series alloys have been widely used to produce outer body panels of automobiles due to their favorable high-strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance and good formability. Moreover, the strength of Al-Mg-Si-Cu series alloys can be enhanced by artificial ageing treatments. However, their formability and final strengths still need to be further improved compared to steels, which are the major obstacles to wide-scale application of aluminum in the automotive fields. In this work, both the effect of different thermomechanical processes on formability, microstructure and texture of Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn alloy, and the influence of ageing treatment on its precipitation behavior were studied through mechanical property tests, OM, SEM, TEM and EBSD measurements. The results reveal that both the strengths and strain-hardening component n value of the T4P treated alloys are not affected by the two thermomechanical processes, but the $r ?$ , Δr and elongations in the different directions are significantly affected. The microstructure and texture evolution of the alloy in the two thermomechanical processes are different from each other. Both the microstructure of a little coarser and bi-modal grain size distribution, and the texture characteristics of much more components but with quite lower intensities can be seen in the solution treated alloy sheet which possesses a better formability after the T4P treatment. The hardness increment of 65 HV can be achieved in the quenched alloy after artificial ageing treatment of 185 ℃, 20 min. And then the peak-ageing state can be obtained after ageing 5 h, the hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation, are as follows, 132 HV, 318 MPa, 364 MPa and 13%, respectively, and ductile fracture is the main fracture feature as observed by SEM examination of fracture surface. Mg-Si precipitates, such as β", β' and Q' phases, are still the main precipitates formed after artificial aging at 185 ℃, and β" phases mainly grow along its b axis and finally transform into β' and Q' phases, which is the main reason for the observed better ageing stability during long time artificial ageing treatment.

Key words： Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn alloy thermomechanical processing texture formability precipitation

收稿日期: 2016-10-27

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目No.2016YFB0300801,国家自然科学基金项目Nos.51301016和51571023,国家高技术研究发展计划项目No.2013AA032403,北京自然科学基金项目No.2172038

作者简介:

作者简介陈懿,男,1990年生,硕士生

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链接本文:

https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00480 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2017/V53/I8/907

图1 工艺I和II处理后的T4P态Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn合金沿不同方向的工程应力-应变曲线

Processing	Direction / (^o)	r	$r ?$	Δr	n	$n ?$	A / %	R_p / MPa	R_m / MPa
I	0	0.638	0.585	0.020	0.306	0.308	30.48	134.4	276.5
	45	0.575			0.307		28.54	133.9	273.1
	90	0.551			0.311		26.64	132.7	270.0
II	0	0.726	0.654	-0.031	0.304	0.309	30.28	133.5	277.7
	45	0.670			0.311		27.42	131.5	272.9
	90	0.551			0.312		30.15	130.4	270.3

表1 工艺I和II处理后的Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn合金板材T4P态沿不同方向的力学性能

图2 工艺I和II处理后的Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn合金组织演化过程的OM像

图3 工艺I和II处理后的中间退火态Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn合金SEM像及EDS分析

图4 工艺I和II处理的冷轧态合金板材的ODF图

图5 工艺I和II处理的固溶态合金板材对应的EBSD晶粒取向和尺寸分布图

图6 工艺I和II对固溶态合金板材经固溶处理后沿轧向(φ1=0°,Φ=90°,φ2=0°)的ODF图

表2 不同热加工工艺处理后固溶态合金再结晶织构组分强度及其体积分数

图7 工艺II处理的固溶态合金板材再经185 ℃时效后的硬度变化规律以及峰时效态应力-应变曲线

图8 工艺II处理的固溶态合金板材再经185 ℃时效5 h后峰时效态拉伸断口的SEM像和EDS分析

图9 经工艺II处理的固溶态合金板材再经185 ℃时效不同时间后的HRTEM像

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