The dislocation configuration in a fatigued [001] copper single crystal has beenstudied by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the electron channeling contrast(ECC) technique. It has been shown that this unique technique is efficient to reveal not onlythe fatigue dislocation structures in a large scale but also the relationship between the surfacedeformation bands and inside dislocation structures. It has been proven to be a powerful toolto connect macrostructures and microstructures in fatigued materials.

By optical metallography, XRD, DTA, SEM, TEM, HREM and computersimulation the microstructure of Ni3Al-Mo alloy prepared by spray atomization deposition isexamined and studied in detail. The microstructure of preform consists of uniform equiaxialgrains, with the size range of 10-40 μm, there also exists microporosity. Except the mainphases of matrix alloy, γ' and γ, there exist minor Ni2Mo, Ni3Mo phases found to be withinthe γ network. A new phase enriched in Ni in the γ phase has been identified to have fee structure with lattice constant a=1 .09nm, and space group Fm3m.

Hydrogen on the surface of single crystal silicon has been introduced bycathodic charing. The interaction between stacking fault and hydrogen on the surface of thesample has been researched by means of chemical etching. Atomic hydrogen will segregate atoutcrops of the stacking fault and particularly Frank dislocation on the surface of single crystal silicon and compound into molecule hydrogen at the outcrops. The distortion zone induced by hydrogen pressure, which can be detected as etching pit after etching, is preferablylocated at the outcrops of Frank dislocation.

Occurrence of serrated flow in Al-Li single crystals is related to the shearingof δ' particles. Critical strain varies with temperature, strain rate and aging state. The agingconditions and crystal orientations of the loading axes have some effects on the time periodwithin one cycle of serration and stress amplitude of serration.

The atomic structure of loaded crack tips on mica (001) surface has been studied by atomic force microscopy. A small severely disorder region in front of the crack tip,around which there exists an abnormally elastic region, was found. The crack tip on mica surface has many branches, which might be made up with many vacancy clusters.

Both the stress corrosion behavior of 7175 aluminium alloy in 3.5%NaCl solution and the composition of grain boundary were investigated by means of constantelongation rate testing(CERT) and energy spectra. The results indicated that the strength of140℃, 98 h aging state is slightly higher than that of 140℃, 16 h, and the property of stresscorrosion resistance for the former better than the latter. In addition, the concentration of Mgsegregated to grain boundary decreases with increasing aging time, and it is closely related tothe SCC susceptibility of alloy.

A new technology of grain refinement of metals, self grain refinement, obtained by the utilization of the nucleation potential inherent in commercially pure Al, Cu andSb has been described. The effects of the cooling rate, adding amount and holding time inmolten metal for the rapidly solidified sheet of these metals on self grain refinement have beenexamined. The effectiveness of the self grain refinement of aluminium is equal to that of amaster Al-Ti-B added in the aluminium. Cu and Sb also have the effectiveness of the selfgrain refinement. The mechanism of the self grain refinement of metals has been studied onthe heredity theory of metals.

The Al-8.62% Sr master alloys with same composition but differentmicrostructures have different modification efficiency for Al-Si alloy. When Al-Sr ingot,corresponding to 0.1 %Sr in Al-Si alloy, or rapidly solidified Al-Sr sheet, coressponding to0.05%Sr in Al-Si alloy, was added, the modification rating of the eutectic Al-11 .8% Si alloyreaches class 5 at the condition of sand mold casting. At the permanent mold condition, bythe addition of Al-Sr ingot, corresponding to 0.06%Sr in Al-Si alloy, or rapidly solidifiedAl-Sr sheet, corresponding to 0.03%Sr in Al-Si alloy, the modification rating of the Al-Si alloy reaches class 6. It has been shown that the difference of the modification rating is attributed to the structural heredity effect.

Relationship between crystallization rate of amorphous ribbon Zr70Cu30 andpressure was studied, and a maximun of the rate was observed. Mechanism for effect of pressure on crystallization rate was discussed by means of relationship between crystallizationactivation energy and pressure.

Two series of the multilayers with the forms of [Co/Ti]30 and[Co / Cu(Ni)]30 prepared by dual facing target sputtering at room temperature, consist ofamorphous Co magnetic layer and exhibit soft magnetic properties. The structural and magnetic properties of [Co/Cu(Ni)] and [Co/Ti] multilayers were examined as a function of thespacer layer thickness (dTi and dCu(Ni)) by XRD, TEM and VSM measurements. The saturation magnetization Ms of the [Co/Ti] multilayer was found to decrease with dTi, but for the[Co/Cu(Ni)] multilayers, the Ms was found to oscillate with dCu(Ni). The Ms approached toa constant value when dTi and dCu(Ni) thickened enough. This is the result of differentinterlayer magnetic coupling effects.

[Co(1.2nm) / Cu(tCu)](tCu= 1.0 nm, 3.4 nm) nano-multilayers were preparedby dual-facing target sputtering method. The multilayers were then annealed in silu by TEMand TG methods to investigate the changes of the microstructure and magnetism. Twoferromagnetic phases, hop Co and Co-Cu solid solution with lattice parameter of around0.358 nm, existed in tCu= 1.0 nm multilayer and were related to two magnetictransformations.

The TiC particles reinforced Ni3Al intermetallic compound matrix compositeswere in situ synthesized under high temperature (1073-1473 K) and high pressure (1.5-6.5GPa) conditions. The densities of these composites exceed 98% of theoretical value. Themean grain size of TiC particles is nanometer scale. The influence of high pressure on thegrain size, and therefore the effect on the microhardness were discussed.

SiC whiskers of good quality were easily prepared at 1100℃ - 1300℃ byCVD (chemically-vapour-deposited) with carbonthermal reduction of SiO2 and using a special metal thread as catalyst. The rate of growth, crystalline characteristics and growth method of whiskers were studied by means of optical microscopy and transmissin electronmicroscopy. The thermodynamic conditions, growth mechanism and growth kinetics SiCw inthis method were also discussed.

Based on the experimental results of depositing diamond film by MPCVDmethod, the effect of the characteristics of microwave induced plasma on the process of diamond deposition is thoroughly analysed. A new mechanism causing nonuniform diamonddeposition had been put forward, which considers the main factor to be the nonuniform distribution of supersaturated atomic hydrogen resulted from the nonuniform distribution ofelectrons in microwave induced plasma.

Laser alloying technique was employed to strengthen 45 carbon steel surfacewith buckytube coating and laser processing, and subsequent heat treatment processingparameters were optimized. The experimental results indicated that under the protection ofAr gas, buckytubes could retain their straight vacant form or curl to form bound buckytubesand even decompose to produce Fe3C with Fe under the laser irradiation. Furthermore, an alloyed layer, which contents 2.5%-3.5% carbon, could be formed on the carbon steel surface.The hardness of the carbon steel surface could be up to HRC 70 when the sample wasquenched after austenitized at 840 ℃ for 10-20 min. And the wear resistance of the treatedsurface was increased efficiently.

The Kauzmann temperature and the reverse Kauzmann temperature of thePt69.0Ni9.6P21.4 alloy are determined by use of the measured specific heat functions and thecorresponding entropy functions of the alloy. The obtained Kauzmann temperature is consistent to that calculated by Vogel-Fulcher law and by the melting points of the components ofthe alloy. During the measurements of the specific heat of the undercooled liquid, differentheating rates are utilized to enlarge the measuring temperature range nearby the glass transition temperature. Thus the reliability of the thermodynamic function of the undercooled liquid is increased. The possibility for the overheating of the crystal is studied by producing oxide films on the surface of the crystalline specimen.

The defects in Ta2O5 and ZrO2 films prepared by RF sputtering on SUS304stainless steel were studied by CPCD (critical passivation current density) and liquid crystalmethods. In CPCD method a relation between current density if and film thickness wasgiven: If= K(1-0)d. Using DSM (dynamic scattering mode) of liquid crystal, a new methodabout nondestructive testing of film defects was reported. The results of the two methodsshowed a good linear relation.