Effect of Coiling Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 500 MPa Grade Hot Stamping Axle Housing Steel

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00119

Acta Metall Sin

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (12): 1605-1616 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00119

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Effect of Coiling Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 500 MPa Grade Hot Stamping Axle Housing Steel

HUI Yajun¹^,²(

), LIU Kun¹, WU Kemin³, LI Qiuhan¹, NIU Tao⁴, WU Qiaoling⁴

1 Sheet Metal Research Institute, Technology Institute of Shougang Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100043, China
2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recyclable Process for Iron & Steel Production of Shougang Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100043, China
3 Manufacturing Department of Beijing Shougang Co., Ltd., Tangshan 064404, China
4 Qian Shun Technology Center of Shougang Group Co., Ltd., Tangshan 064404, China

Cite this article:

HUI Yajun, LIU Kun, WU Kemin, LI Qiuhan, NIU Tao, WU Qiaoling. Effect of Coiling Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 500 MPa Grade Hot Stamping Axle Housing Steel. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(12): 1605-1616.

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Abstract

With the rapid development of the Chinese axle industry and the increasing demand for lightweight axle housings, the demand for a new type of hot stamping axle housing steel, which can ensure the yield strength meets the requirements after the hot stamping process, is becoming increasingly urgent. However, there are no published reports on the development of this new type of hot stamping axle housing steel. The aim of this study was to develop 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel. The effect of coiling temperature on the microstructure, precipitates, and mechanical properties of the 500 MPa hot stamping axle housing steel were studied by OM, SEM, and TEM. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the tested steel were significantly different when coiling at 600 and 570 ℃. When coiling at 570 ℃, the yield strength and tensile strength reached 538 MPa and 641 MPa, respectively, which were 165 MPa and 117 MPa higher than those at 600 ℃, whereas, the impact energy in the range of 20~-40 ℃ was lower than that at 600 ℃, especially low-temperature toughness. These are related to the differences in the microstructure and precipitates in test steel when coiling at different temperatures, especially the difference in the proportion of the high angle grain boundary (HAGB). The microstructure of the tested steel was composed of ferrite and pearlite when coiling at 600 ℃, average grain size of ferrite was 4.48 μm, proportion of HAGB was 68.1%, and average size of the precipitates was 8.4 nm, of which nanoscale precipitates with sizes below 10 nm accounted for approximately 70%. The microstructure was mainly composed of acicular ferrite, granular bainite, polygonal ferrite/quasi polygonal ferrite, and pearlite when the coiling temperature was reduced to 570 ℃, the average size of ferrite was 4.39 μm, ratio of HAGB was approximately 54.5%, average size of the precipitates was 6.4 nm, and nanoscale precipitates with a size below 10 nm accounted for 86%. The difference in the microstructure and the precipitates was mainly owing to the fact the bainite transformation temperature of the test steel was as high as 580 ℃, and nucleation rate and nucleation speed of the test steel was higher when coiling at 570 ℃ than that at 600 ℃. Thus, considering the high requirements on the shape quality, effect of the hot stamping process on the microstructure, and precipitates of the tested steel, the coiling temperatureof the test steel is more suitable at 600 ℃.

Key words: coiling temperature 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel microstructure precipitate

Received: 16 April 2020

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	Yajun HUI
	Kun LIU
	Kemin WU
	Qiuhan LI
	Tao NIU
	Qiaoling WU

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00119 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2020/V56/I12/1605

Table 1 Mechanical properties of 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel

Table 2 Impact energies of 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel under different T_i

Fig.1 OM images of 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel with T_c=600 ℃ (a) and 570 ℃ (b) (P—pearlite, PF—polygonal ferrite, QPF—quasi-polygonal ferrite, GB—granular bainite, AF—acicular ferrite)

Fig.2 EBSD results of 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel when coiling at 600 ℃

Fig.3 EBSD results of 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel when coiling at 570 ℃

Fig.4 Bright-field (a, c) and dark-field (b, d) TEM images of distribution of precipitates in 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel when coiling at 600 ℃ (a, b) and 570 ℃ (c, d)

Fig.5 TEM images (a, c) and EDS analyses (b, d) of precipitates (showed by arrows) in 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel when coiling at 600 ℃ (a, b) and 570 ℃ (c, d)

Fig.6 Continuous cooling transition (CCT) curve of 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel (A_c3—temperature of all ferrite transform into austenite during heating, M_s—martensite transformation start temperature)

Fig.7 Microstructures of 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel at cooling rates of 0.1 ℃/s (a), 1 ℃/s (b), 3 ℃/s (c), 5 ℃/s (d), 8 ℃/s (e), 15 ℃/s (f), 20 ℃/s (g) and 30 ℃/s (h) (M—martensite, LB—lath bainite)

Fig.8 Variations of the equilibrium solid solution amount of V, C and N elements of 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel at different temperatures

Fig.9 Nucleation rate-temperature (NrT) curve (a) and precipitation-temperature-time (PTT) curve (b) of 500 MPa grade hot stamping axle housing steel in ferrite (I—nucleation rate, K—constant, subscript d indicates nucleation on the dis-location; t_0.05da—nucleation start time of the precipitates when the precipitates nucleate on the dislocation line, and the nucleation rate quickly decays to zero; t_0.05da/t_0da—relative nucleation start time)

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