Novel Cu-Bearing Pipeline Steels: A New Strategy to Improve Resistance to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion for Pipeline Steels
YANG Ke1,SHI Xianbo1,2(),YAN Wei1,2,ZENG Yunpeng1,SHAN Yiyin1,2,REN Yi3,4
1.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China 2.Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China 3.Institute of Iron and Steel Research, Ansteel Group Corporation, Anshan 114009, China 4.State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application, Ansteel Group Corporation, Anshan 114009, China
Cite this article:
YANG Ke,SHI Xianbo,YAN Wei,ZENG Yunpeng,SHAN Yiyin,REN Yi. Novel Cu-Bearing Pipeline Steels: A New Strategy to Improve Resistance to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion for Pipeline Steels. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(4): 385-399.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) has been an important reason leading to the damage and failure of pipeline steels, bringing a great economic loss. Development of MIC resistant pipeline steel is a new strategy to mitigate MIC from the aspect of material itself, having important scientific significance and application value. By proper Cu alloying design to the traditional pipeline steels, aiming at continuous release of Cu ions to kill the bacteria and inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilm, a creative strategy for improving the MIC resistance of pipeline steels has been proposed. This article briefly introduces the MIC of pipeline steel and its research status, and then the research progress on alloy design, microstructure, mechanical properties, hydrogen induced cracking resistance and MIC resistance of novel Cu-bearing pipeline steels are reviewed, and the research results on MIC resistance of the novel Cu-bearing pipeline steels under the laboratory conditions are stressed, and finally the future tendency on research and development of this type of novel steels is suggested.
Fund: China Pipeline Research Organization(CPRO2018NO4);Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Province(20180540083);Shenyang Science and Technology Research Funding(18-013-0-53);State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application Funding, Enterprise Cooperation Project of "Development of MIC Resistance Pipeline Steel"
Fig.1 Principle for chemical composition design of novel Cu-bearing pipeline steel (MIC—microbiologically influenced corrosion, HIC—hydrogen-induced cracking)
Steel
C
Si
Mn
Cu
Mo
Cr
Ni
Nb+V+Ti
S
P
Fe
X80-Cu
0.031
0.13
1.09
1.06
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.05
0.0011
0.005
Bal.
X80
0.050
0.16
1.77
0.20
0.30
0.31
0.30
0.10
0.0010
0.005
Bal.
X65-Cu
0.022
0.12
0.07
1.34
0.10
-
0.30
0.06
0.0020
0.005
Bal.
X65
0.060
0.13
1.64
0.01
0.10
-
-
0.06
0.0010
0.010
Bal.
Table 1 Analyzed chemical compositions of novel Cu-bearing and traditional commercial pipeline steels
Fig.2 OM image of microstructure (a) and nano-sized Cu-rich phases (b) of X80-Cu pipeline steel[60]
Fig.3 OM image of microstructure (a) and nano-sized Cu-rich phases (b) of X65-Cu pipeline steel
Fig.4 Tensile stress-strain curves and impact fractured specimens (inset) of X80-Cu (1.0Cu, as-aged) and X80 pipeline steels[60]Color online
Fig.5 Mechanical properties of X65-Cu and X65 pipeline steels
Fig.6 CLSM images of stained live/dead sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) on surfaces of X65 (a), rolled X65-Cu (b) and aged X65-Cu (c) steels after 14 d immersion in API-RP38 mediaColor online
Fig.7 SEM images of pits on the surfaces of commercial X65 (a), as-rolled X65-Cu (b) and aged X65-Cu (c) pipeline steels after 65 d immersion in the API-RP38 media
Fig.8 Pit depths and pit diameters of X65, as-rolled X65-Cu and aged X65-Cu pipeline steels after 65 d immersion in the API-RP38 mediaColor online
Fig.9 Surface SEM images of X80-Cu (a) and X80 (b) steels immersed in soil-extract solution with SRB for 20 d, after removal of the corrosion products[63]
Fig.10 Distributions of pit diameter on surfaces of X80-Cu and X80 steels immersed in soil-extract solution with SRB for 20 d
Steel
Pit density mm-2
Maximum pit depth / μm
Average pit depth / μm
X80-Cu
68
1.9
1.5±0.25
X80
508
23.6
8.3±6.8
Table 2 Pit densities and depths on X80-Cu and X80 steels after 20 d immersion in the soil-extract solution
Fig.11 3D images of the largest pits on X80-Cu (a) and X80 (b) steels after 20 d immersion in soil-extract solution with SRB[63]Color online
Fig.12 Biofilm thicknesses on X80-Cu (A1.0Cu) and X80 steels after exposure to P. aeruginosa suspension for 1, 3 and 5 d[60]
Fig.13 CLSM images of live/dead P. aeruginosa on surfaces of X80-Cu (a, c, e) and X80 (b, d, f) steels after 1 d (a, b), 3 d (c, d) and 5 d (e, f) immersions[60]Color online
Fig.14 SEM images of pits on surfaces of X80-Cu (a) and X80 (b) steels after 14 d immersion with P. aeruginosa[60]
Fig.15 Cross-section morphologies and EDS analyses of X80-Cu (a) and X80 (b) steels after 60 d exposure in SRB-inoculated NS4 solution[60]Color online
Fig.16 Shematic illustration of MIC resistance mechanism of Cu-bearing pipeline steel (ROS—reactive oxygen species)[60]Color online
Fig.17 Mechanism of Cu-bearing pipeline steel for improving hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) resistance (M/A—martensite/austenite)Color online
[1]
Huang Y, Liu S J, Jiang C Y. Microbiologically influenced corrosion and mechanisms [J]. Microbiol. China, 2017, 44: 1699
Javaherdashti R. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: An Engineering Insight [M]. London: Springer, 2008: 1
[3]
Liu H W, Xu D K, Wu Y N, et al. Research progress in corrosion of steels induced by sulfate reducing bacteria [J]. Corros. Sci. Prot. Technol., 2015, 27: 409
Usher K M, Kaksonen A H, Cole I, et al. Critical review: Microbially influenced corrosion of buried carbon steel pipes [J]. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 2014, 93: 84
[5]
Jiang B, Du C W, Li X G, et al. Development of typical microbiologically influenced corrosion research [J]. Corros. Prot. Petrochem. Ind., 2008, 25(4): 1
Xia J, Xu D K, Nan L, et al. Study on mechanisms of microbiologically influenced corrosion of metal from the perspective of bio-electrochemistry and bio-energetics [J]. Chin. J. Mater. Res., 2016, 30: 161
Li K, Whitfield M, van Vliet K J. Beating the bugs: Roles of microbial biofilms in corrosion [J]. Corros. Rev., 2013, 31: 73
[11]
Eckert R B. Emphasis on biofilms can improve mitigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion in oil and gas industry [J]. Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2015, 50: 163
[12]
Enning D, Venzlaff H, Garrelfs J, et al. Marine sulfate-reducing bacteria cause serious corrosion of iron under electroconductive biogenic mineral crust [J]. Environ. Microbiol., 2012, 14: 1772
[13]
Venzlaff H, Enning D, Srinivasan J, et al. Accelerated cathodic reaction in microbial corrosion of iron due to direct electron uptake by sulfate-reducing bacteria [J]. Corros. Sci., 2013, 66: 88
[14]
Zhang P Y, Xu D K, Li Y C, et al. Electron mediators accelerate the microbiologically influenced corrosion of 304 stainless steel by the desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilm [J]. Bioelectrochemistry, 2015, 101: 14
[15]
Kato S. Microbial extracellular electron transfer and its relevance to iron corrosion [J]. Microb. Biotechnol., 2016, 9: 141
[16]
Xu D K, Gu T Y. Carbon source starvation triggered more aggressive corrosion against carbon steel by the desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilm [J]. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 2014, 91: 74
[17]
Xu D K, Li Y C, Gu T Y. Mechanistic modeling of biocorrosion caused by biofilms of sulfate reducing bacteria and acid producing bacteria [J]. Bioelectrochemistry, 2016, 110: 52
[18]
Xu D, Jia R, Li Y, et al. Advances in the treatment of problematic industrial biofilms [J]. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2017, 33: 97
[19]
Popoola L, Grema A, Latinwo G, et al. Corrosion problems during oil and gas production and its mitigation [J]. Int. J. Ind. Chem., 2013, 4: 35
[20]
Wang K, Xiao L, Yu X Y, et al. Discussion on the influence of biocides on marine environment [J]. China Coat., 2010, 25(8): 24
Jin S J, Ren L, Yang K. Bio-functional Cu containing biomaterials: A new way to enhance bio-adaption of biomaterials [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32: 835
[22]
Akhavan O, Ghaderi E. Cu and CuO nanoparticles immobilized by silica thin films as antibacterial materials and photocatalysts [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 205: 219
[23]
Chen S H, Lv M Q, Zhang, J D, et al. Microstructure and antibacterial properties of Cu-contained antibacterial stainless steel [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2004, 40: 314
Nan L, Liu Y Q, Yang W C, et al. Study on antibacterial properties of copper-containing antibacterial stainless steels [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2007, 43: 1065
Wang S, Yang C G, Xu D K, et al. Effect of heat treatment on antibacterial performance of 3Cr13MoCu martensitic stainless steel [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2014, 50: 1453
Xia J, Yang C G, Xu D K, et al. Laboratory investigation of the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) resistance of a novel Cu-bearing 2205 duplex stainless steel in the presence of an aerobic marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm [J]. Biofouling, 2015, 31: 481
[27]
Nan L, Xu D K, Gu T Y, et al. Microbiological influenced corrosion resistance characteristics of a 304-Cu stainless steel against Escherichia coli [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, C48: 228
[28]
Nan L, Ren G G, Wang D H, et al. Antibacterial performance of Cu-bearing stainless steel against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in whole milk [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32: 445
[29]
Yang K, Shan Y Y, Shi X B, et al. A Cu-bearing pipeline steel and its strengthening heat treatment process [P]. Chin Pat, 201510419067.3, 2018
Huo C Y, Li Y, Ji L K. Development and applications of pipeline steel in long-distance gas pipeline of China [A]. Energy Materials 2014 [C]. Cham: Springer, 2014: 23
[32]
Videla H A. Prevention and control of biocorrosion [J]. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 2002, 49: 259
[33]
Li S Y, Kim Y G, Jeon K S, et al. Microbiologically influenced corrosion of underground pipelines under the disbonded coatings [J]. Met. Mater., 2000, 6: 281
[34]
Enning D, Garrelfs J. Corrosion of iron by sulfate-reducing bacteria: New views of an old problem [J]. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2014, 80: 1226
[35]
Abedi S S, Abdolmaleki A, Adibi N. Failure analysis of SCC and SRB induced cracking of a transmission oil products pipeline [J]. Eng. Fail. Anal., 2007, 14: 250
[36]
Jacobson G A. Corrosion at Prudhoe Bay—A lesson on the line [J]. Mater. Perform., 2007, 46(8): 26
[37]
Bhat S, Kumar B, Prasad S R, et al. Failure of a new 8-in pipeline from group gathering station to central tank farm [J]. Mater. Perform., 2011, 50(5): 50
[38]
Al-Jaroudi S S, UI-Hamid A, Al-Gahtani M M. Failure of crude oil pipeline due to microbiologically induced corrosion [J]. Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2011, 46: 568
[39]
Liu L. Corrosion behavior of sulfate reducing bacteria in X52 pipeline steel [D]. Chengdu: Southwest Petroleum University, 2016
[39]
刘 黎. X52输油管道硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀行为研究 [D]. 成都: 西南石油大学, 2016
[40]
Niu T, Yang J W, Wang L, et al. Pitting mechanism of X60 pipeline steel under the action of SRB [J]. Corros. Prot., 2014, 35: 1060
Xiao R J, Xiao G Q, Huang B, et al. Corrosion failure cause analysis and evaluation of corrosion inhibitors of Ma Huining oil pipeline [J]. Eng. Fail. Anal., 2016, 68: 113
[42]
Jack T, Wilmott M, Sutherby R, et al. External corrosion of line pipe: A summary of research activities [J]. Mater. Perform., 1996, 35: 18
[43]
Pikas J L. Case histories of external microbiologically influenced corrosion underneath disbonded coatings [A]. Corrosion 96 [C]. Denver, Colorado: NACE International, 1996
[44]
Sherar B W A, Power I M, Keech P G, et al. Characterizing the effect of carbon steel exposure in sulfide containing solutions to microbially induced corrosion [J]. Corros. Sci., 2011, 53: 955
[45]
Chen X, Wang G F, Gao F J, et al. Effects of sulphate-reducing bacteria on crevice corrosion in X70 pipeline steel under disbonded coatings [J]. Corros. Sci., 2015, 101: 1
[46]
Alabbas F M, Williamson C, Bhola S M, et al. Influence of sulfate reducing bacterial biofilm on corrosion behavior of low-alloy, high-strength steel (API-5L X80) [J]. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 2013, 78: 34
[47]
Wu T Q, Xu J, Sun C, et al. Microbiological corrosion of pipeline steel under yield stress in soil environment [J]. Corros. Sci., 2014, 88: 291
[48]
Sun C, Xu J, Wang F H. Interaction of sulfate-reducing bacteria and carbon steel Q235 in biofilm [J]. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2011, 50: 12797
[49]
Kuang F, Wang J, Yan L, et al. Effects of sulfate-reducing bacteria on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel [J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2007, 52: 6084
[50]
Javed M A, Neil W C, Stoddart P R, et al. Influence of carbon steel grade on the initial attachment of bacteria and microbiologically influenced corrosion [J]. Biofouling, 2016, 32: 109
[51]
Sreekumari K R, Nandakumar K, Kikuchi Y. Bacterial attachment to stainless steel welds: Significance of substratum microstructure [J]. Biofouling, 2001, 17: 303
[52]
Javed M A, Stoddart P R, McArthur S L, et al. The effect of metal microstructure on the initial attachment of Escherichia coli to 1010 carbon steel [J]. Biofouling, 2013, 29: 939
[53]
Little B J, Lee J S, Ray R I. The influence of marine biofilms on corrosion: A concise review [J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2008, 54: 2
[54]
Qing Y C, Yang Z W, Xian J, et al. Corrosion behavior of Q235 steel under the interaction of alternating current and microorganisms [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2016, 52: 1142
Cetin D, Aksu M L. Corrosion behavior of low-alloy steel in the presence of Desulfotomaculum sp. [J]. Corros. Sci., 2009, 51: 1584
[56]
Hejazi D, Hap A J, Yazdipour N, et al. Effect of manganese content and microstructure on the susceptibility of X70 pipeline steel to hydrogen cracking [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2012, A551: 40
[57]
Shi X B, Yan W, Wang W, et al. Dynamic continuous cooling transformation behavior of a novel Cu-bearing pipeline steel [J]. ISIJ Int., 2016, 56: 2284
[58]
Hu G, Shi X B, Zeng Y P, et al. Effect of copper on continuous cooling transformation behavior of pipeline steels [J]. Heat Treat. Met., 2019, 44(7): 106
Shi X B, Yan W, Wang W C, et al. Effect of Cu addition in pipeline steels on microstructure, mechanical properties and microbiologically influenced corrosion [J]. Acta. Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett., 2017, 30: 601
[60]
Shi X B, Yan W, Xu D K, et al. Microbial corrosion resistance of a novel Cu-bearing pipeline steel [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34: 2480
[61]
Zhao M C, Xiao F R, Shan Y Y, et al. Microstructural characteristic and toughening of an ultralow carbon acicular ferrite pipeline steel [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2002, 38: 283
Nan L, Cheng J L, Yang K. Antibacterial behavior of a Cu-bearing type 200 stainless steel [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2012, 28: 1067
[63]
Shi X B, Xu D K, Yan M C, et al. Study on microbiologically influenced corrosion behavior of novel Cu-bearing pipeline steels [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2017, 53: 153
Lou Y T, Lin L, Xu D K, et al. Antibacterial ability of a novel Cu-bearing 2205 duplex stainless steel against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in artificial seawater [J]. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 2016, 110: 199
[65]
O'Gorman J, Humphreys H. Application of copper to prevent and control infection. Where are we now? [J]. J. Hosp. Infect., 2012, 81: 217
[66]
Liu C, Kong D S, Hsu P C, et al. Rapid water disinfection using vertically aligned MoS2 nanofilms and visible light [J]. Nat. Nanotechnol., 2016, 11: 1098
[67]
Borkow G,Gabbay J. Copperan ancient remedy returning to fight microbial, fungal and viral infections [J]. Curr. Chem. Biol., 2009, 3: 272
[68]
Macomber L, Imlay J A. The iron-sulfur clusters of dehydratases are primary intracellular targets of copper toxicity [J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009, 106: 8344
[69]
Liu H W, Xu D K, Yang K, et al. Corrosion of antibacterial Cu-bearing 316L stainless steels in the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria [J]. Corros. Sci., 2018, 132: 46
[70]
Craig B D. Effect of copper on the protectiveness of iron sulfide films [J]. Corrosion, 1984, 40: 471
[71]
Mendibide C, Sourmail T. Composition optimization of high-strength steels for sulfide stress cracking resistance improvement [J]. Corros. Sci., 2009, 51: 2878
[72]
Shi X B, Yan W, Wang W, et al. Novel Cu-bearing high-strength pipeline steels with excellent resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking [J]. Mater. Des., 2016, 92: 300
[73]
Shi X B, Yan W, Wang W, et al. Hydrogen-induced cracking resistance of novel Cu-bearing pipeline steels [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2018, 54: 1343
