Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured 2319 Alloy by Electron BeamFreeform Fabrication

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00052

Acta Metall Sin

2018, Vol. 54

Issue (12): 1725-1734 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00052

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured 2319 Alloy by Electron BeamFreeform Fabrication

Jing YU^1,², Jijie WANG², Dingrui NI¹(

), Bolv XIAO¹, Zongyi MA¹, Xinglong PAN³

1 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110036, China
3 Guilin THD Mech. & Elec. Engineering Co. Ltd., Guilin 541004, China;

Cite this article:

Jing YU, Jijie WANG, Dingrui NI, Bolv XIAO, Zongyi MA, Xinglong PAN. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured 2319 Alloy by Electron BeamFreeform Fabrication. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(12): 1725-1734.

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Abstract

Aluminum alloys have the advantages of light weight and high strength, and they are important structural materials in aerospace field. The additive manufacturing technology of aluminum alloys has a potential application prospect in the field of on-orbit manufacturing in the future, and the technology of electron beam fuse deposition is the best process selection due to its unique technical advantages. In the present study, 2319 aluminum alloy wires with diameter of 2 mm were used for additive manufacturing (AM) by electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF³), with a sample of 150 mm×35 mm×52 mm being printed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the printed sample in three directions were investigated. The results showed that bulk materials of the 2319 alloy can be printed without macroscopic defects under selective EBF³ parameters, with a relative density of 99.3% compared to the initial wires. The average grain size of the printed sample was less than 10 μm, containing primary Al₂Cu phases, fine particles, and coarse impurity phases. There are some tiny voids in the printed sample, and the sizes of the voids are 5~15 μm. The ultimate tensile strengths of the printed sample were 161, 174 and 167 MPa in the length, width and height directions. After a T6 treatment, the coarse phase were basically dissolved and some finer phases were re-precipitated. Due to the dominant effect of dispersion strengthening, the mechanical properties of the sample were significantly improved, and the ultimate tensile strengths of the sample in three directions were increased to 423, 495, and 421 MPa, respectively.

Key words: Al alloy additive manufacturing (AM) electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF³) microstructure mechanical property

Received: 05 February 2018

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

Fund: Supported by Pre-Research Project on Manned Spaceflight (No.030302)

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	Jing YU
	Jijie WANG
	Dingrui NI
	Bolv XIAO
	Zongyi MA
	Xinglong PAN

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00052 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2018/V54/I12/1725

Fig.1 Macromorphology of 2319Al samples printed by electron beam freeform fabrication with dimension 150 mm×35 mm×52 mm (X: length; Y: width; Z: height)

Fig.2 OM images of as-printed (a, b) and T6 treated (c, d) 2319Al samples at X (a, c) and Z (b, d) directions

Fig.3 XRD spectra of as-printed and T6 treated 2319Al samples

Fig.4 TEM images of as-printed 2319Al samples
(a) subgrain boundaries formed by dislocations (b) straight grain boundaries(c) morphology of dispersed phases (d) coarse impurity phases (Inset shows the EDS)

Fig.5 TEM images of T6 treated 2319Al samples
(a) triple grain boundary junction and grain morphology (b) distribution of precipitated θ’’ (Al₂Cu)(c) coarse impurity phases in grains (Inset shows the EDS) (d) coarse impurity phases on grain boundaries

Fig.6 Distributions of pores in as-printed
(a, b) and T6 treated (c, d) 2319Al samples at X (a, c) and Z (b, d) directions (Inset in Fig.6a shows typical morphology of pores)

Table 1 Densities and relative densities of raw 2319 wire, as-printed and T6 treated bulk samples

Table 2 Tensile properties of as-printed and T6 treated 2319Al samples at different directions

Fig.7 Low (a, c, e, g) and high (b, d, f, h) magnified SEM fracture surfaces images of as-printed and T6 treated 2319Al samples at different directions
(a, b) as-print, Y direction (c, d) T6 treated, Y direction (e, f) as-print, Z direction (g, h) T6 treated, Z direction

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