Inhibitor and Secondary Recrystallization Behavior of Giant Magnetostriction of Fe-Ga Thin Sheet
ZHAI Xinya1, HE Zhenghua1(), SHA Yuhui2, ZHU Xiaofei3, LI Feng1, CHEN Lijia1, ZUO Liang2,3
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China 2 Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China 3 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Cite this article:
ZHAI Xinya, HE Zhenghua, SHA Yuhui, ZHU Xiaofei, LI Feng, CHEN Lijia, ZUO Liang. Inhibitor and Secondary Recrystallization Behavior of Giant Magnetostriction of Fe-Ga Thin Sheet. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(11): 1559-1570.
The core issue in the study of giant magnetostriction of Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet is to obtain preferential texture through secondary recrystallization. In this work, the evolution of the texture, precipitation, and grain boundary characteristics of an Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet during the annealing process were investigated using XRD, SEM, EBSD, and TEM. The mechanism of the secondary recrystallization of the Goss ({110}<001>) texture in the Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet was analyzed. The results show that the primary recrystallized thin sheet is composed of strong γ-fibers and has a weak Goss texture. Moreover, high-density MnS and NbC precipitates of size 20-40 nm are dispersedly distributed in the matrix grains after primary recrystallization. The coarsening of the precipitates and a decrease in the volume fraction and density weaken the inhibiting force during the annealing process. The density of the precipitates inside the Goss grains is lower than that of the precipitates in the matrix grains with γ-texture during the process from primary recrystallization to secondary recrystallization. Before the occurrence of secondary recrystallization, Goss grains do not exhibit a number and size advantages over the matrix grains but are surrounded by higher-energy grain boundaries than the matrix grains. The differences between the Goss and matrix grains in terms of precipitation and high-energy grain boundary characteristics during primary recrystallization provide an additional driving force for the secondary recrystallization of Goss grains. Therefore, a perfect secondary recrystallization of the Goss texture with a saturation magnetostriction coefficient of 250 × 10‒6 is produced in the Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet without the introduction of the surface energy effect using a special annealing atmosphere.
Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004164);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51931002);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51671049);Education Department Program of Liaoning Province(LQGD2020013)
Corresponding Authors:
HE Zhenghua, associate professor, Tel: (024)25496301, E-mail: hezhh@sut.edu.cn
Fig.1 SEM images (a, d) and constant φ2 = 45° sections of orientation distribution function (ODF) in the sub-surface layer (S = 0) (b, e) and central layer (S = 0.5) (c, f) of secondarily cold-rolled (a-c) and primarily recrystallized (d-f) Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet (φ1, Φ, φ2—Euler angles, S—relative position from center to center, RD—rolling direction, ND—normal direction)
Fig.2 TEM image (a) and EDS of precipitates NbC (b) and MnS (c) in Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet after primary recrystallization
Fig.3 SEM images of precipitates in Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet at annealing temperatures of 800oC (a), 850oC (b), 900oC (c), and 950oC (d)
Fig.4 Size distributions of precipitates in Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet at annealing temperatures of 800oC (a), 850oC (b), 900oC (c), and 950oC (d)
Fig.5 EBSD orientation image maps of Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet along the rolling plane during the heating process at annealing temperatures of 800oC (a), 850oC (b), 900oC (c), 950oC (d), and 1000oC (e) (TD—transverse direction)
Fig.6 Constant φ2 = 45° sections of ODFs of Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet along the rolling plane during the heating process at annealing temperatures of 800oC (a), 850oC (b), 900oC (c), 950oC (d), and 1000oC (e)
Fig.7 Magnetostriction curves (a) and saturation mag-netostriction coefficients (3/2)λs as a function of annealing temperatures (b) of Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet
Fig.8 Changes of average particle size, volume fraction, and Zenner factor of precipitated phase of Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet at different annealing temperatures
Fig.9 EBSD orientation image maps (a-c), SEM images of precipitates (d-f), and precipitate size distributions (g-i) within the grains with main texture components at annealing temperatures of 800oC (a, d, g), 900oC (b, e, h), and 950oC (c, f, i) in Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet
Fig.10 Densities of precipitates within grains with main texture components at different annealing temperatures in Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet
Fig.11 Grain boundary characteristic distributions of matrix and Goss grains in Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet at annealing temperatures of 800oC (a), 850oC (b), 900oC (c), and 950oC (d)
GBCD
800oC
850oC
900oC
950oC
Matrix
Goss
Matrix
Goss
Matrix
Goss
Matrix
Goss
< 15°
23.0
16.6
22.8
17.2
21.4
15.9
19.7
16.9
HEGB
42.6
51.5
43.3
52.7
44.1
55.4
45.6
64.4
> 45°
34.4
31.9
33.9
30.1
34.5
28.7
34.7
18.7
Table 1 Volume fractions of grain boundaries in Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet at different annealing temperatures
Fig.12 Schematics of mechanism of secondary recrystallization in Fe-Ga alloy thin sheet
1
Guruswamy S, Srisukhumbowornchai N, Clark A E, et al. Strong, ductile, and low-field-magnetostrictive alloys based on Fe-Ga [J]. Scr. Mater., 2000, 43: 239
2
Kellogg R A, Russell A M, Lograsso T A, et al. Tensile properties of magnetostrictive iron-gallium alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2004, 52: 5043
3
Fu Q, Sha Y H, Zhang F, et al. Correlative effect of critical parameters for η recrystallization texture development in rolled Fe81Ga19 sheet: Modeling and experiment [J]. Acta Mater., 2019, 167: 167
4
Ma T Y, Hu S S, Bai G H, et al. Structural origin for the local strong anisotropy in melt-spun Fe-Ga-Tb: Tetragonal nanoparticles [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2015, 106: 112401
5
Srisukhumbowornchai N, Guruswamy S. Crystallographic textures in rolled and annealed Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2004, 35A: 2963
6
Na S M, Yoo J H, Flatau A B. Abnormal (110) grain growth and magnetostriction in recrystallized galfenol with dispersed niobium carbide [J]. IEEE Trans. Magn., 2009, 45: 4132
7
Li J H, Gao X X, Zhu J, et al. Texture and magnetostriction in rolled Fe-Ga alloy [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2008, 44: 1031
He Z H, Sha Y H, Fu Q, et al. Secondary recrystallization and magnetostriction in binary Fe81Ga19 thin sheets [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2016, 119: 123904
9
He Z H, Sha Y H, Shan N, et al. Secondary recrystallization Goss texture development in a binary Fe81Ga19 sheet induced by inherent grain boundary mobility [J]. Metals, 2019, 9: 1254
10
Sun A L, Liu J H, Jiang C B. Recrystallization, texture evolution, and magnetostriction behavior of rolled (Fe81Ga19)98B2 sheets during low-to-high temperature heat treatments [J]. J. Mater. Sci., 2014, 49: 4565
11
Jiang L P, Yang J D, Hao H B, et al. Giant enhancement in the magnetostrictive effect of FeGa alloys doped with low levels of terbium [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2013, 102: 222409
12
Na S M, Flatau A B. Single grain growth and large magnetostriction in secondarily recrystallized Fe-Ga thin sheet with sharp Goss (011)[100] orientation [J]. Scr. Mater., 2012, 66: 307
13
Na S M, Flatau A B. Global Goss grain growth and grain boundary characteristics in magnetostrictive galfenol sheets [J]. Smart Mater. Struct., 2013, 22: 125026
14
Yuan C, Li J H, Zhang W L, et al. Secondary recrystallization behavior in the rolled columnar-grained Fe-Ga alloys [J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2015, 391: 145
15
Yuan C, Li J H, Bao X Q, et al. Influence of annealing process on texture evolution and magnetostriction in rolled Fe-Ga based alloys [J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2014, 362: 154
16
Li J H, Zhang W L, Yuan C, et al. Inhibition force of precipitates for promoting abnormal grain growth in magnetostrictive Fe83Ga17-(B, NbC) alloy sheets [J]. Rare Met., 2017, 36: 886
17
He Z H, Du H J, Sha Y H, et al. Secondary recrystallization texture and magnetostriction in Fe-Ga alloy ultra-thin sheet [J]. IEEE Trans. Magn., 2022, 58: 2501906
18
He Z H, Hao H B, Sha Y H, et al. Sharp secondary recrystallization and large magnetostriction in Fe81Ga19 sheet induced by composite nanometer-sized inhibitors [J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2019, 478: 109
19
Lei F, Sha Y H, He Z H, et al. Rapid secondary recrystallization of the Goss texture in Fe81Ga19 sheets using nanosized NbC particles [J]. Materials, 2021, 14: 3818
20
Liu Y Y, Li J H, Mu X, et al. Strong NbC particle pinning for promoting abnormal growth of Goss grain in Fe82Ga4.5Al13.5 rolled sheets [J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2017, 444: 364
21
Mao W M, Li Y, Guo W, et al. Influence of MnS particles inside grains on the boundary migration before secondary recrystallization of grain oriented electrical steels [J]. Solid State Phenom., 2010, 160: 247
22
Mao W M, An Z G, Li S X. Influence of MnS particles on the behaviors of grain boundary migration in Fe-3%Si alloys [J]. Chin. Sci. Bull., 2009, 54: 4537
23
He Z H, Du H J, Sha Y H, et al. Secondary recrystallization behavior in magnetostrictive Fe-Ga thin sheets induced by nano-sized composite precipitates [J]. AIP Adv., 2021, 11: 035313
24
Fu Q, Sha Y H, He Z H, et al. Recrystallization texture and magnetostriction in binary Fe81Ga19 sheets [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2017, 53: 90
Zhao L J, Tian X, Yao Z Q, et al. Enhanced magnetostrictive properties of lightly Pr-doped Fe83Ga17 alloys [J]. J. Rare Earths, 2020, 38: 257
26
He Z H, Sha Y H, Zhang F, et al. Development of strong η fiber recrystallization texture in rolled Fe81Ga19 thin sheet [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2014, 45A: 129
27
Park J T, Szpunar J A. Evolution of recrystallization texture in nonoriented electrical steels [J]. Acta Mater., 2003, 51: 3037
28
Dorner D, Zaefferer S, Raabe D. Retention of the Goss orientation between microbands during cold rolling of an Fe3%Si single crystal [J]. Acta Mater., 2007, 55: 2519
29
Dorner D, Zaefferer S, Lahn L, et al. Overview of microstructure and microtexture development in grain-oriented silicon steel [J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2006, 304: 183
30
Samajdar I, Cicale S, Verlinden B, et al. Primary recrystallization in a grain oriented silicon steel: On the origin of Goss {110}<001> grains [J]. Scr. Mater., 1998, 39: 1083
31
Hayakawa Y, Szpunar J A. A new model of Goss texture development during secondary recrystallization of electrical steel [J]. Acta Mater., 1997, 45: 4713
32
Lin P, Palumbo G, Harase J, et al. Coincidence site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries and Goss texture development in Fe-3%Si alloy [J]. Acta Mater., 1996, 44: 4677
