Effect ofIn Situ 2%TiB2 Particles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024Al Additive Manufacturing Alloy

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00410

Acta Metall Sin

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (1): 169-179 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00410

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Effect ofIn Situ 2%TiB₂ Particles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024Al Additive Manufacturing Alloy

SUN Tengteng¹, WANG Hongze¹^,²(

), WU Yi¹^,²(

), WANG Mingliang¹^,², WANG Haowei¹^,²

1.State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.Institute of Alumics Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Anhui), Huaibei 235000, China

Cite this article:

SUN Tengteng, WANG Hongze, WU Yi, WANG Mingliang, WANG Haowei. Effect ofIn Situ 2%TiB₂ Particles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024Al Additive Manufacturing Alloy. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(1): 169-179.

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Abstract

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an innovative additive manufacturing method with great potential for fabricating complex geometrical components with integrated functionalities. In the aerospace industry, the Al-Cu-Mg (2024Al) alloy is widely used because of its excellent mechanical properties and low density; however, its disadvantages include low printability and high crack susceptibility. This work investigates the effects of in situ TiB₂ particles on the microstructure and tensile properties of the solution-treated (510^oC treat 1 h and then cooling by water) and T6-treated (i.e., solution and aging treatments) L-PBF fabricated 2024Al alloy at room temperature. Equiaxed grains with an average size of approximately 5.8 μm dominate in the printed 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy because of the high cooling rate during the L-PBF process and the heterogeneous nucleation effect of the TiB₂ particles. After the T6 heat treatment, many uniformly distributed, fine, and long precipitation strips formed in both the 2024Al and 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloys. The 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy has ultimate tensile and yield strengths of (458.2 ± 6.5) and (398.4 ± 2.7) MPa, respectively; further, it has a maximum elongation of (3.4 ± 0.4)%. These parameters indicate a substantial improvement in the strength and elongation of the 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy compared to those of the 2024Al alloy. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the T6-treated 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy are comparable to those of the wrought T6-treated 2024Al-T6 alloy. The main strengthening mechanisms of the 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy include solid solution strengthening, dislocation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, precipitation strengthening, Orowan strengthening, and load-bearing strengthening induced by TiB₂ particles. In conclusion, 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy manufactured using the L-PBF method provides excellent printability and room-temperature tensile properties.

Key words: laser powder bed fusion 2024Al alloy in situ TiB₂ particle heat treatment tensile property

Received: 25 August 2022

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52075327);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004160);Shanghai Sailing Program(20YF1419200);Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(20ZR1427500);Major Science and Technology Project of Huaibei(Z2020001);Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) Beamline BL13W1(2020-SSRF-PT-012107)

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	Tengteng SUN
	Hongze WANG
	Yi WU
	Mingliang WANG
	Haowei WANG

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00410 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2023/V59/I1/169

Fig.1 Schematic of tensile test specimen and the site of the microstructure characterization part (unit: mm)

Fig.2 Cross-sectional OM images (a, b), 3D computed tomography (CT) results (c, d), and statistic distributions (e, f) of the defect size of 2024Al (a, c, e) and 2024Al-2%TiB₂ (b, d, f) alloys printed by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)

Fig.3 EBSD results of 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy printed by L-PBF
(a) grain distribution diagram
(b) grain boundary map and TiB₂ distribution map (HAGB—high angle grain boundary)
(c) TiB₂ particle located in the grain boundary
(d) TiB₂ particle inside the grain

Fig.4 DSC curve of 2024Al alloy printed by L-PBF

Fig.5 OM (a, b) and SEM-BSE (c, d) images of as-ST 2024Al (a, c) and as-ST 2024Al-2%TiB₂ (b, d) alloys (ST—solution treatment)

Fig.6 Vickers hardness of 2024Al and 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloys aged at 190^oC for different time (a) and tensile stress-strain curves (b) (T6—solution treatment plus aging treatment)

Table 1 Mechanical properties of the 2024Al alloy and 2024Al-2%TiB₂alloy sample after different heat treatment

Fig.7 Macrostructures (a, c) and microstructures (b, d) of fracture of as-T6 2024Al (a, b) and as-T6 2024Al-2%TiB₂ (c, d) alloys (Inset in Fig.7d shows the corresponding high magnified image)

Fig.8 XRD spectra of the 2024Al and 2024Al-2%TiB₂ alloy samples after solution treatment and T6 treatment

Fig.9 SEM-BSE images of as-T6 2024Al (a, b) and as-T6 2024Al-2%TiB₂ (c, d) alloys

Fig.10 True tensile stress-strain curves and work hardening rate (θ) of as-T6 2024Al and as-T6 2024Al-2%TiB₂alloys

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