Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys by In Situ Laser Directed Energy Deposition

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00425

Acta Metall Sin

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (1): 180-190 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00425

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys by In Situ Laser Directed Energy Deposition

CHEN Fei¹^,²^,³(

), QIU Pengcheng¹, LIU Yang¹^,², SUN Bingbing⁴, ZHAO Haisheng⁴, SHEN Qiang¹

1.State Key Laboratory of Advance e Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
2.International School of Materials Science and Engineering (School of Materials and Microelectronics), Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
3 Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
4 HFYC (Zhenjiang) Additive Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212132, China

Cite this article:

CHEN Fei, QIU Pengcheng, LIU Yang, SUN Bingbing, ZHAO Haisheng, SHEN Qiang. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys by In Situ Laser Directed Energy Deposition. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(1): 180-190.

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Abstract

The NiTi alloy is a key material in aerospace and biomedical fields owing to its excellent superelasticity and high shape memory effect. Laser directed energy deposition (LDED), as an advanced additive manufacturing technology, made the preparation of NiTi alloys with high shape memory effect possible. In this study, the NiTi alloy was fabricated via LDED using Ni and Ti powder feedstock. The microstructure, phase content, and phase transformation of the alloy were analyzed by XRD, phase fitting, SEM, EDS, and DSC. Next, the shape memory effect was tested using compressed cylindrical samples. When the laser energy density was low, several Ni₄Ti₃ phases were produced in the NiTi alloy. The Ni₄Ti₃ phase disappeared with an increase in the laser energy density. When the laser energy density was 20.0 J/mm², the NiTi alloy showed a high compressive breaking strength of 2878 MPa and a compression failure strain of 34.9%, and the sample also showed a shape recovery rate of 88.2% after 20 cyc of compression.

Key words: laser directed energy deposition laser in situ synthesis NiTi shape memory alloy shape memory effect

Received: 31 August 2022

ZTFLH:

TG139.6

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972246);Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2021B0301030001);Independent Innovation Projects of the Hubei Longzhong Laboratory(2022ZZ-32)

About author: CHEN Fei, professor, Tel: (027)87884448, E-mail: chenfei027@whut.edu.cn

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	Fei CHEN
	Pengcheng QIU
	Yang LIU
	Bingbing SUN
	Haisheng ZHAO
	Qiang SHEN

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00425 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2023/V59/I1/180

Table 1 Chemical compositions of Ni and Ti powders

Fig.1 Size distributions and morphologies (insets) of Ni powder (a) and Ti powder (b) (D₁₀, D₅₀, and D₉₀ indicate 10%, 50%, and 90% cumulative particle sizes, respectively)

Fig.2 XRD spectra (a) and phase fitting results of as-built NiTi alloys with E = 20.0 J/mm² (b), 21.7 J/mm² (c), 23.3 J/mm² (d), and 25.0 J/mm² (e) (E―laser energy density)

Fig.3 Variations of volume fractions of B19?, B2, and NiTi₂ in as-built NiTi alloys with laser energy density

Fig.4 Relative densities and corresponding SEM images (insets) in x-z plane of as-built NiTi alloys with different laser energy densities

Fig.5 Low (a, c, e, g) and high (b, d, f, h) magnified SEM images of as-built NiTi alloys with E = 20.0 J/mm² (a, b), 21.7 J/mm² (c, d), 23.3 J/mm² (e, f), and 25.0 J/mm² (g, h)

Table 2 EDS results of as-built NiTi alloys with different laser energy densities

Fig.6 TEM images of as-built NiTi alloys with E = 20.0 J/mm²(a), 21.7 J/mm²(b), 23.3 J/mm² (c), and 25.0 J/mm² (d) (Inset in Fig.6a shows the corresponding SAED pattern)

Fig.7 DSC curves of as-built NiTi alloys with E = 20.0 J/mm² (a), 21.7 J/mm² (b), 23.3 J/mm² (c), and 25.0 J/mm²(d) (M_s—martensitic transformation start temperature, M_f—martensitic transformation end temperature, A_s—austenite transformation start temperature, A_f—austenite transformation end temperature, ΔH_M→A—austenite transformation enthalpy, ΔH_A→M—martensite transformation enthalpy)

Table 3 Characteristic temperatures in the phase transition of as-built NiTi alloys with different laser energy densities

Fig.8 Compressive stress-strain curves of as-built NiTi alloys (Inset shows the locally enlarged curve. Ⅰ—elastic deformation stage of twin martensite, Ⅱ—detwinning martensite stage, Ⅲ—elastic deformation stage of detwinning martensite, Ⅳ—plastic deformation stage of detwinning martensite, σ_c—critical stress of detwinning martensite)

Table 4 Compressive properties of as-built NiTi alloys with different laser energy densities at room temperature

Fig.9 Compression stress-strain curves of as-built NiTi alloys with E = 20.0 J/mm² (a), 21.7 J/mm² (b), 23.3 J/mm² (c), and 25.0 J/mm² (d) for 20 cyc (ε_SME—recovery strain after heating, ε_rec—recovery strain before heating)

Table 5 Shape memory effects of as-built NiTi alloys under 20 cyc compression with different laser energy densities

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