Research Progress on Corrosion Behavior of Gaseous CO2 Transportation Pipelines Containing Impurities

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00165

Acta Metall Sin

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (3): 283-294 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00165

Overview

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Research Progress on Corrosion Behavior of Gaseous CO₂ Transportation Pipelines Containing Impurities

LI Yuxing¹^,²(

), LIU Xinghao¹^,², WANG Cailin¹^,², HU Qihui¹^,², WANG Jinghan¹^,², MA Hongtao¹^,², ZHANG Nan¹^,²

^1.Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Security, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, PetroChina Company Limited, Qingdao 266580, China

Cite this article:

LI Yuxing, LIU Xinghao, WANG Cailin, HU Qihui, WANG Jinghan, MA Hongtao, ZHANG Nan. Research Progress on Corrosion Behavior of Gaseous CO₂ Transportation Pipelines Containing Impurities. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(3): 283-294.

Download:

HTML

PDF(1215KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

Gaseous CO₂ transportation pipelines are an important part of carbon capture and storage. Corrosion control of gaseous CO₂ transportation pipelines containing impurities is important to the safe operation of pipelines. This paper reviews recent research progress on the corrosion of gaseous CO₂ transportation pipelines containing impurities, and the impact factors of gaseous CO₂ transportation pipelines are summarized. The influence of pipe impurities and environmental conditions on the mutual solubility of water and CO₂, the corrosion behavior of pipelines, the characteristic of corrosion scales, and corrosion mechanism of transportation pipelines are discussed. The determination of critical water content for the corrosion of gaseous CO₂ transportation pipelines is analyzed. Predictive corrosion models of gaseous CO₂ transportation pipelines are also concluded. For further research on corrosion of gaseous CO₂ transportation pipelines containing impurities, the following should be the focal points: the calculation of water and CO₂ mutual solubility in gaseous CO₂ environments containing impurities, the influence of impurities on corrosion product film characteristics and the corrosion mechanism in a gaseous CO₂ environment, the determination of the critical water content of corrosion for gaseous CO₂ transportation pipelines containing impurities, and the establishment of inner corrosion prediction models of gaseous CO₂ transportation pipelines containing impurities.

Key words: gaseous CO₂ transportation corrosion impurity mutual solubility critical water content corrosion prediction model

Received: 18 May 2020

ZTFLH:

TE988

Fund: National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05016-002);Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, PetroChina(GDGS-KJZX-2016-JS-379)

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	（）
	Articles by authors
	Yuxing LI
	Xinghao LIU
	Cailin WANG
	Qihui HU
	Jinghan WANG
	Hongtao MA
	Nan ZHANG

URL:

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00165 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2021/V57/I3/283

Fig.1 Phase diagram of pure CO₂

Table 1 Relevant research results about gaseous CO₂ transportation pipeline corrosion in recent years^[35-45]

Fig.2 Phase envelopes of CO₂ containing impurities^[51]

Fig.3 Relationship between maximum water content and pressure, temperature of CO₂-rich transportation pipeline^[77]

Model	Developed by	T / ℃		P / MPa	p $C O 2$ / MPa
		Min	Max	Max	Min	Max
LIPUCOR^[90]	Total	20	150	25	-	5
KSC^[91]	IFE	5	150	25	-	5
PREDICT^[92,93]	InterCorr	20	200	-	-	10
SweetCor^[94]	Shell	5	121	-	0.02	17
OLI^[95,96]	OLI system	-50	300	150	-	150

Table 2 Survey of corrosion rates prediction models for gaseous CO₂ transportation pipelines^[90-96]

1	Hekkert M P, Joosten L A J, Worrell E, et al. Reduction of CO₂ emissions by improved management of material and product use: The case of primary packaging [J]. Resour. Conserv. Recy., 2000, 29: 33
2	Wang C L, Li Y X, Teng L, et al. Experimental study on dispersion behavior during the leakage of high pressure CO₂ pipelines [J]. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 2019, 105: 77
3	IPCC. Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage [M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005: 1
4	Czernichowski-Lauriol I, Berenblyum R, Bigi S, et al. CO₂ GeoNet actions in Europe for advancing CCUS through global cooperation [J]. Energy Procedia, 2018, 154: 73
5	Bhave A, Taylor R H S, Fennell P, et al. Screening and techno-economic assessment of biomass-based power generation with CCS technologies to meet 2050 CO₂ targets [J]. Appl. Energy, 2017, 190: 481
6	Reiner D M. Learning through a portfolio of carbon capture and storage demonstration projects [J]. Nat. Energy, 2016, 1: 15011
7	Gibbins J, Chalmers H. Carbon capture and storage [J]. Energy Policy, 2008, 36: 4317
8	Lilliestam J, Bielicki J M, Patt A G. Comparing carbon capture and storage (CCS) with concentrating solar power (CSP): Potentials, costs, risks, and barriers [J]. Energy Policy, 2012, 47: 447
9	Gale J, Davison J. Transmission of CO₂-safety and economic considerations [J]. Energy, 2004, 29: 1319
10	Boot-Handford M E, Abanades J C, Anthony E J, et al. Carbon capture and storage update [J]. Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7: 130
11	Kruse H, Tekiela M. Calculating the consequences of a CO₂-pipeline rupture [J]. Energy Convers. Manage, 1996, 37: 1013
12	Liu Z G, Gao X H, Li J P, et al. Corrosion behaviour of low-alloy martensite steel exposed to vapour-saturated CO₂ and CO₂-saturated brine conditions [J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2016, 213: 842
13	Wang C L, Gu S W, Li Y X, et al. Experimental study on foaming characteristics of CO₂-crude oil mixture [J]. CIESC J., 2019, 70: 251
	王财林, 顾帅威, 李玉星等. CO₂-原油体系发泡特性实验研究 [J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70: 251
14	Lovseth S W, Skaugen G, Stang H G J, et al. CO₂ mix project: Experimental determination of thermo physical properties of CO₂-rich mixtures [J]. Energy Procedia, 2013, 37: 2888
15	Vandeginste V, Piessens K. Pipeline design for a least-cost router application for CO₂ transport in the CO₂ sequestration cycle [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2008, 2: 571
16	Barker R, Hua Y, Neville A. Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipelines for dense-phase CO₂ transport in carbon capture and storage (CCS)—A review [J]. Int. Mater. Rev., 2017, 62: 1
17	Lone S, Cockerill T, Macchietto S. The techno-economics of a phased approach to developing a UK carbon dioxide pipeline network [J]. J. Pipeline Eng., 2010, 9: 225
18	Sandana D, Hadden M, Race J, et al. Transport of gaseous and dense carbon dioxide in pipelines: is there an internal corrosion risk? [J]. J. Pipeline Eng., 2012, 11: 229
19	Qi G L. Research on CO₂ pipeline and liquid separation project of Qilu Petrochemical to Zhenglizhuang oilfield [D]. Qingdao: China University of Petroleum (East China), 2014
	亓冠玲. 齐鲁二化厂至正理庄油田高89地区CO₂输送管道及液化分离工程方案研究 [D]. 青岛: 中国石油大学(华东), 2014
20	Xie S X, Han P H, Qian Y. A pilot test and research on oil displacement by injecting CO₂ in eastern Sanan of Daqing oilfield [J]. Oil Gas Recov. Technol., 1997, 4(3): 13
	谢尚贤, 韩培慧, 钱昱. 大庆油田萨南东部过渡带注CO₂驱油先导性矿场试验研究 [J]. 油气采收率技术, 1997, 4(3): 13
21	Division of Social Development Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology Development, Department of International Cooperation, Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agenda 21 Management Center. Carbon capture, utilization and storage technology development in China [R]. Beijing, 2011
	科学技术部社会发展科技司, 科学技术部国际合作司, 中国21世纪议程管理中心. 中国碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术进展报告 [R]. 北京, 2011
22	Johnson K, Holt H, Helle K, et al. Mapping of potential HSE issues related to large-scale capture, transport and storage of CO₂ [R]. Horvik: Det Norsk Veritas, 2008
23	Choi Y S, Nesic S, Young D. Effect of impurities on the corrosion behavior of CO₂ transmission pipeline steel in supercritical CO₂-water environments [J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010, 44: 9233
24	Sim S, Cole I S, Bocher F, et al. Investigating the effect of salt and acid impurities in supercritical CO₂ as relevant to the corrosion of carbon capture and storage pipelines [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2013, 17: 534
25	Sun C, Sun J B, Wang Y, et al. Synergistic effect of O₂, H₂S and SO₂ impurities on the corrosion behavior of X65 steel in water-saturated supercritical CO₂ system [J]. Corros. Sci., 2016, 107: 193
26	Hua Y, Barker R, Neville A. The effect of O₂ content on the corrosion behaviour of X65 and 5Cr in water-containing supercritical CO₂ environments [J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 356: 499
27	Sun J B, Sun C, Wang Y. Effects of O₂ and SO₂ on water chemistry characteristics and corrosion behavior of X70 pipeline steel in supercritical CO₂ transport system [J]. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2018, 57: 2365
28	Xiang Y, Wang Z, Xu C, et al. Impact of SO₂ concentration on the corrosion rate of X70 steel and iron in water-saturated supercritical CO₂ mixed with SO₂ [J]. J. Supercrit. Fluids, 2011, 58: 286
29	Hua Y, Barker R, Neville A. The influence of SO₂ on the tolerable water content to avoid pipeline corrosion during the transportation of supercritical CO₂ [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2015, 37: 412
30	Sun C, Sun J B, Wang Y, et al. Effect of impurity interaction on the corrosion film characteristics and corrosion morphology evolution of X65 steel in water-saturated supercritical CO₂ system [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2017, 65: 117
31	Hua Y, Jonnalagadda R, Zhang L, et al. Assessment of general and localized corrosion behavior of X65 and 13Cr steels in water-saturated supercritical CO₂ environments with SO₂/O₂ [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2017, 64: 126
32	Hua Y, Neville A, Barker R. Corrosion behaviour of X65 steels in water-containing supercritical CO₂ environments with NO₂/O₂ [A]. NACE Corrosion 2018 Conference and Expo. 2018 [C]. Phoenix: National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 2018: 11085
33	Wei L, Pang X L, Gao K W. Effect of small amount of H₂S on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in the dynamic supercritical CO₂ environments [J]. Corros. Sci., 2016, 103: 132
34	Yu C, Wang H W, Gao X H. Corrosion behavior of carbon steel with pearlite-ferrite microstructure in water-saturated supercritical H₂S/CO₂ environment [J]. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2018, 13: 6059
35	Zhang G A, Zeng Y, Guo X P, et al. Electrochemical corrosion behavior of carbon steel under dynamic high pressure H₂S/CO₂ environment [J]. Corros. Sci., 2012, 65: 37
36	Sun C, Sun J B, Luo J L. Unlocking the impurity-induced pipeline corrosion based on phase behavior of impure CO₂ streams [J]. Corros. Sci., 2020, 165: 108367
37	Choi Y S, Nešić S. Determining the corrosive potential of CO₂ transport pipeline in high pCO₂-water environments [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2011, 5: 788
38	Zhang Y C, Pang X L, Qu S P, et al. Discussion of the CO₂ corrosion mechanism between low partial pressure and supercritical condition [J]. Corros. Sci., 2012, 59: 186
39	Almeida T D C, Bandeira M C E, Moreira R M, et al. New insights on the role of CO₂ in the mechanism of carbon steel corrosion [J]. Corros. Sci., 2017, 120: 239
40	Wei L, Pang X L, Zhou M, et al. Effect of exposure angle on the corrosion behavior of X70 steel under supercritical CO₂ and gaseous CO₂ environments [J]. Corros. Sci., 2017, 121: 57
41	Lin X Q, Liu W, Wu F, et al. Effect of O₂ on corrosion of 3Cr steel in high temperature and high pressure CO₂-O₂ environment [J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 329: 104
42	Liu Z G, Gao X H, Du L X, et al. Corrosion behavior of low-alloy steel with martensite/ferrite microstructure at vapor-saturated CO₂ and CO₂-saturated brine conditions [J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 351: 610
43	Hassani S, Vu T N, Rosli N R, et al. Wellbore integrity and corrosion of low alloy and stainless steels in high pressure CO₂ geologic storage environments: An experimental study [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2014, 23: 30
44	Jiang X, Qu D R, Song X L, et al. Critical water content for corrosion of X65 mild steel in gaseous, liquid and supercritical CO₂ stream [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2019, 85: 11
45	Jiang X, Qu D R, Song X L, et al. Impact of water content on corrosion behavior of CO₂ transportation pipeline [A]. NACE Corrosion 2015 Conference and Expo. 2015 [C]. Dallas: NACE International, 2015: 5844
46	Russick E M, Poulter G A, Adkins C L J, et al. Corrosive effects of supercritical carbon dioxide and cosolvents on metals [J]. J. Supercrit. Fluids, 1996, 9: 43
47	Zhang Y C, Gao K W, Schmitt G. Effect of water on steel corrosion under supercritical CO₂ conditions [J]. Mater. Performance, 2011, 50: 62
48	DeWaard C, Milliams D E. Prediction of carbonic acid corrosion in natural gas pipelines [A]. First International Conference on the Internal and External Protection of Pipes [C]. UK: University of Durham, 1975: 28
49	Spycher K, Pruess K, Ennis-King J. CO₂-H₂O mixtures in the geological sequestration of CO₂. I. Assessment and calculation of mutual solubilities from 12 to 1000^oC and up to 600 bar [J]. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2003, 67: 3015
50	Foltran S, Vosper M E, Suleiman N B, et al. Understanding the solubility of water in carbon capture and storage mixtures: An FTIR spectroscopic study of H₂O+CO₂+N₂ ternary mixtures [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2015, 35: 131
51	Gu S W, Teng L, Li Y X, et al. Propagation characteristic of decompression wave for gaseous CO₂ in pipeline containing impurities [J]. Petrochem. Technol., 2018, 47: 689
	顾帅威, 滕霖, 李玉星等. 含杂质气态CO₂管道减压波传播特性 [J]. 石油化工, 2018, 47: 689
52	Zeng Y M, Arafin M, Shi C, et al. Influence of impurity hydrogen sulfide on the corrosion performance of pipeline steels in supercritical carbon dioxide stream [A]. NACE Corrosion 2016 Conference and Expo. 2016 [C]. Vancouver: NACE International, 2016: 7223
53	Wei L, Pang X L, Gao K W. Corrosion of low alloy steel and stainless steel in supercritical CO₂/H₂O/H₂S systems [J]. Corros. Sci., 2016, 111: 637
54	Farelas F, Choi Y S, Nesic S. Corrosion behavior of API 5L X65 carbon steel under supercritical and liquid CO₂ phases in the presence of H₂O and SO₂ [J]. Corrosion, 2013, 69: 243
55	Dugstad A, Halseid M, Morland B. Effect of SO₂ and NO₂ on corrosion and solid formation in dense phase CO₂ pipelines [J]. Energy Procedia, 2013, 37: 2877
56	Tang Y, Guo X P, Zhang G A. Corrosion behaviour of X65 carbon steel in supercritical-CO₂ containing H₂O and O₂ in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology [J]. Corros. Sci., 2017, 118: 118
57	Sun J B, Sun C, Zhang G A, et al. Effect of O₂ and H₂S impurities on the corrosion behavior of X65 steel in water-saturated supercritical CO₂ system [J]. Corros. Sci., 2016, 107: 31
58	Sun C, Sun J B, Liu S B, et al. Effect of water content on the corrosion behavior of X65 pipeline steel in supercritical CO₂-H₂O-O₂-H₂S-SO₂ environment as relevant to CCS application [J]. Corros. Sci., 2018, 137: 151
59	Hua Y, Barker R, Neville A. Understanding the influence of SO₂ and O₂ on the corrosion of carbon steel in water-saturated supercritical CO₂ [J]. Corrosion, 2015, 71: 667
60	Xiang Y, Xu M H, Choi Y S. State-of-the-art overview of pipeline steel corrosion in impure dense CO₂ for CCS transportation: Mechanisms and models [J]. Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2017, 52: 485
61	Choi Y S, Nešić S. Corrosion behavior of carbon steel in supercritical CO₂-water environments [A]. NACE Corrosion 2009 Conference and Expo. 2009 [C]. Atlanta: NACE International, 2009: 09256
62	Seiersten M. Materials selection for separation, transportation and disposal of CO₂ [A]. NACE Corrosion 2001 Conference and Expo. 2001 [C]. Houston: NACE International, 2001: 01042
63	Tan J, Chan K S. Understanding Advanced Physical Inorganic Chemistry: The Learner's Approach [M]. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company, 2010: 1
64	Dugstad A. Fundamental aspects of CO₂ metal loss corrosion, part I: mechanism [A]. NACE Corrosion 2006 Conference and Expo. 2006 [C]. San Diego: NACE International, 2006: 6111
65	Zhang Z, Hinkson D, Singer M, et al. A mechanistic model of top-of-the-line corrosion [J]. Corrosion, 2007, 63: 1051
66	Qu S P, Li X, Gao K W, et al. The effect of exposure angle on the corrosion behavior of low-carbon microalloyed steel under CO₂ conditions [J]. Corrosion, 2015, 71: 343
67	Zhang J, Wang Z L, Wang Z M, et al. Chemical analysis of the initial corrosion layer on pipeline steels in simulated CO₂-enhanced oil recovery brines [J]. Corros. Sci., 2012, 65: 397
68	Tran T, Brown B, Nesic S. Corrosion of mild steel in an aqueous CO₂ environment—Basic electrochemical mechanisms revisited [A]. NACE Corrosion 2015 Conference and Expo. 2015 [C]. Dallas: NACE International, 2015: 5671
69	Ma H Y, Yang C, Li G Y, et al. Influence of nitrate and chloride ions on the corrosion of iron [J]. Corrosion., 2003, 59: 1112
70	Liu Q Y, Mao L J, Zhou S W. Effects of chloride content on CO₂ corrosion of carbon steel in simulated oil and gas well environments [J]. Corros. Sci., 2014, 84: 165
71	Gao K W, Yu F, Pang X L, et al. Mechanical properties of CO₂ corrosion product scales and their relationship to corrosion rates [J]. Corros. Sci., 2008, 50: 2796
72	Liu D. Corrosion behavior of carbon steel under dynamic supercritical CO₂ environment [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2015
	刘丹. 动态条件下碳钢在超临界CO₂环境中腐蚀机理研究 [D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2015
73	Nesic S, Wang S H, Cai J Y, et al. Integrated CO₂ corrosion-multiphase flow model [A]. SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Corrosion [C]. Aberdeen: Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004: 87555
74	Schmitt G A, Mueller M. Critical wall shear stresses in CO₂ corrosion of carbon steel [A]. NACE Corrosion 1999 Conference [C]. San Antonio: NACE International, 1999: 44
75	Wei L. Study of corrosion mechanism of steels in supercritical CO₂ environments [D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2016
	魏亮. 钢在超临界CO₂环境中腐蚀机制的研究 [D]. 北京: 北京科技大学, 2016
76	Pfennig A, Kranzmann A. Effect of CO₂ and pressure on the stability of steels with different amounts of chromium in saline water [J]. Corros. Sci., 2012, 65: 441
77	Li Y X, Liu M S, Zhang J. Impacts of gas impurities on the security of CO₂ pipelines [J]. Nat. Gas Ind., 2014, 34: 108
	李玉星, 刘梦诗, 张建. 气体杂质对CO₂管道输送系统安全的影响 [J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34: 108
78	De Visser E, Hendriks C, Barrio M, et al. DYNAMIS CO₂ quality recommendations [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2008, 2: 478
79	McGrail B P, Schaef H T, Glezakou V A, et al. Water reactivity in the liquid and supercritical CO₂ phase: Has half the story been neglected? [J]. Energy Procedia, 2009, 1: 3415
80	Mohitpour M, Golshan H, Murray A. Pipeline Design & Construction: A Practical Approach [M]. 2nd Ed., New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2003
81	Nešić S. Key issues related to modelling of internal corrosion of oil and gas pipelines—A review [J]. Corros. Sci., 2007, 49: 4308
82	Nyborg R. Overview of CO₂ corrosion models for wells and pipelines [A]. NACE Corrosion 2002 Conference and Expo. 2002 [C]. Denver: NACE International, 2002: 2233
83	Nordsveen M, Nešić S, Nyborg R, et al. A mechanistic model for carbon dioxide corrosion of mild steel in the presence of protective iron carbonate films—Part 1: Theory and verification [J]. Corrosion, 2003, 59: 443
84	Nešić S, Nordsveen M, Nyborg R, et al. A mechanistic model for carbon dioxide corrosion of mild steel in the presence of protective iron carbonate films—Part 2: A numerical experiment [J]. Corrosion, 2003, 59: 489
85	Nešić S, Lee K L J. A mechanistic model for carbon dioxide corrosion of mild steel in the presence of protective iron carbonate films—Part 3: Film growth model [J]. Corrosion, 2003, 59: 616
86	Zhang Y, Gao K, Schmitt G, et al. Modeling steel corrosion under supercritical CO₂ conditions [J]. Mater. Corros., 2013, 64: 478
87	Kongshaug K O, Seiersten M. Baseline experiments for the modeling of corrosion at high CO₂ pressure [A]. NACE Corrosion 2004 Conference and Expo. 2004 [C]. New Orleans: NACE International, 2004: 4630
88	Thomas D C. Carbon Dioxide Capture for Storage in Deep Geologic Formations [M]. 2nd Ed., Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd, 2005: 937
89	Xiang Y, Wang Z, Xu M H, et al. A mechanistic model for pipeline steel corrosion in supercritical CO₂-SO₂-O₂-H₂O environments [J]. J. Supercrit. Fluids, 2013, 82: 1
90	Gunaltun Y M. Combining research and field data for beorrosion rate prediction [A]. NACE Corrosion 1996 Conference [C]. Denver: NACE International, 1996: 96027
91	Nesic S, Nordsveen M, Nyborg R, et al. A mechanistic model for CO₂ corrosion with protective iron carbonate films [A]. NACE Corrosion 2001 Conference and Expo. 2001 [C]. Houston: NACE International, 2001: 01040
92	Srinivasan S, Kane R D. Prediction of corrosivity of CO₂/H₂S production environments [A]. NACE Corrosion 1996 Conference [C]. Denver: NACE International, 1996: 11
93	Srinivasan S, Tebbal S. Critical factors in predicting CO₂/H₂S corrosion in multiphase systems [A]. NACE Corrosion 1998 Conference [C]. San Diego: NACE International, 1998: 38
94	John R C, Jordan K G, Kapusta S D, et al. SweetCor: an information system for the analysis of corrosion of steels by water and carbon dioxide [A]. NACE Corrosion 1998 Conference [C]. San Diego: NACE International, 1998: 20
95	Anderko A M, Young R D. Simulation of CO₂/H₂S corrosion using thermodynamic and electrochemical models [A]. NACE Corrosion 1999 Conference [C]. San Antonio: NACE International, 1999: 31
96	Anderko A M. Simulation of FeCO₃/FeS scale formation using thermodynamic and electrochemical models [A]. NACE Corrosion 2002 Conference [C]. Orlando: NACE International, 2002: 102
97	Choi Y S, Hassani S, Vu T N, et al. Development of a prediction model for high pCO₂ corrosion of mild steel [A]. NACE Corrosion 2019 Conference and Expo. 2019 [C]. Nashville: NACE International, 2019: 13157
98	Duan Z H, Sun R. An improved model calculating CO₂ solubility in pure water and aqueous NaCl solutions from 273 to 533 K and from 0 to 2000 bar [J]. Chem. Geol., 2003, 193: 257
99	Duan Z H, Sun R, Zhu C, et al. An improved model for the calculation of CO₂ solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, and SO42- [J]. Mar. Chem., 2006, 98: 131
100	Langmuir I. The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1918, 40: 1361
101	Carey J W, Wigand M, Chipera S J, et al. Analysis and performance of oil well cement with 30 years of CO₂ exposure from the SACROC Unit, West Texas, USA [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2007, 1: 75
102	Carey J W, Svec R, Grigg R, et al. Experimental investigation of wellbore integrity and CO₂-brine flow along the casing-cement microannulus [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2010, 4: 272
103	Crow W, Williams D B, Carey J W, et al. Wellbore integrity analysis of a natural CO₂ producer [J]. Energy Procedia, 2009, 1: 3561
104	Han J B, Carey J W, Zhang J S. A coupled electrochemical-geochemical model of corrosion for mild steel in high-pressure CO₂-saline environments [J]. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, 2011, 5: 777
105	Pitzer K S. Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions [M]. 2nd Ed., Boston: CRC Press, 1991: 75
106	Nesic S, Postlethwaite J, Olsen S. An electrochemical model for prediction of corrosion of mild steel in aqueous carbon dioxide solutions [J]. Corrosion, 1996, 52: 280
107	Li Q, Cheng Y F. Modeling of corrosion of steel tubing in CO₂ storage [J]. Greenhouse Gas.: Sci. Technol., 2016, 6: 797

[1]	WANG Zongpu, WANG Weiguo, Rohrer Gregory S, CHEN Song, HONG Lihua, LIN Yan, FENG Xiaozheng, REN Shuai, ZHOU Bangxin. {111}/{111} Near Singular Boundaries in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Recrystallized After Rolling at Different Temperatures[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 947-960.
[2]	ZHAO Pingping, SONG Yingwei, DONG Kaihui, HAN En-Hou. Synergistic Effect Mechanism of Different Ions on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of TC4 Titanium Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 939-946.
[3]	LI Xiaohan, CAO Gongwang, GUO Mingxiao, PENG Yunchao, MA Kaijun, WANG Zhenyao. Initial Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel Q235, Pipeline Steel L415, and Pressure Vessel Steel 16MnNi Under High Humidity and High Irradiation Coastal-Industrial Atmosphere in Zhanjiang[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 884-892.
[4]	ZHANG Qiliang, WANG Yuchao, LI Guangda, LI Xianjun, HUANG Yi, XU Yunze. Erosion-Corrosion Performance of EH36 Steel Under Sand Impacts of Different Particle Sizes[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 893-904.
[5]	CHEN Runnong, LI Zhaodong, CAO Yanguang, ZHANG Qifu, LI Xiaogang. Initial Corrosion Behavior and Local Corrosion Origin of 9%Cr Alloy Steel in Cl^－Containing Environment[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 926-938.
[6]	SI Yongli, XUE Jintao, WANG Xingfu, LIANG Juhua, SHI Zimu, HAN Fusheng. Effect of Cr Addition on the Corrosion Behavior of Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 905-914.
[7]	HAN En-Hou, WANG Jianqiu. Effect of Surface State on Corrosion and Stress Corrosion for Nuclear Materials[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(4): 513-522.
[8]	WU Xinqiang, RONG Lijian, TAN Jibo, CHEN Shenghu, HU Xiaofeng, ZHANG Yangpeng, ZHANG Ziyu. Research Advance on Liquid Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Corrosion Resistant Si Enhanced Ferritic/Martensitic and Austenitic Stainless Steels[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(4): 502-512.
[9]	XU Linjie, LIU Hui, REN Ling, YANG Ke. Effect of Cu on In-Stent Restenosis and Corrosion Resistance of Ni-Ti Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(4): 577-584.
[10]	WANG Jingyang, SUN Luchao, LUO Yixiu, TIAN Zhilin, REN Xiaomin, ZHANG Jie. Rare Earth Silicate Environmental Barrier Coating Material: High-Entropy Design and Resistance to CMAS Corrosion[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(4): 523-536.
[11]	CHANG Litao. Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Crack Initiation in the Machined Surfaces of Austenitic Stainless Steels in Pressurized Water Reactor Primary Water： Research Progress and Perspective[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(2): 191-204.
[12]	XIA Dahai, JI Yuanyuan, MAO Yingchang, DENG Chengman, ZHU Yu, HU Wenbin. Localized Corrosion Mechanism of 2024 Aluminum Alloy in a Simulated Dynamic Seawater/Air Interface[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(2): 297-308.
[13]	LIAO Jingjing, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Junsong, WU Jun, YANG Zhongbo, PENG Qian, QIU Shaoyu. Periodic Densification-Transition Behavior of Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe-V Alloys During Uniform Corrosion in Superheated Steam[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(2): 289-296.
[14]	HU Wenbin, ZHANG Xiaowen, SONG Longfei, LIAO Bokai, WAN Shan, KANG Lei, GUO Xingpeng. Corrosion Behavior of AlCoCrFeNi_2.1 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy in Sulfuric Acid Solution[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(12): 1644-1654.
[15]	SONG Jialiang, JIANG Zixue, YI Pan, CHEN Junhang, LI Zhaoliang, LUO Hong, DONG Chaofang, XIAO Kui. Corrosion Behavior and Product Evolution of Steel for High-Speed Railway Bogie G390NH in Simulated Marine and Industrial Atmospheric Environment[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(11): 1487-1498.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed