Grain Refinement Mechanism and Research Progress of Magnesium Alloy Incorporating Zr

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00241

Acta Metall Sin

2024, Vol. 60

Issue (2): 129-142 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00241

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Grain Refinement Mechanism and Research Progress of Magnesium Alloy Incorporating Zr

LIU Yong(

), ZENG Gang, LIU Hong, WANG Yu, LI Jianlong

Key Laboratory of Lightweight and High Strength Structural Materials of Jiangxi Province, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China

Cite this article:

LIU Yong, ZENG Gang, LIU Hong, WANG Yu, LI Jianlong. Grain Refinement Mechanism and Research Progress of Magnesium Alloy Incorporating Zr. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(2): 129-142.

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Abstract

Grain refinement stands out as the primary strengthening mechanism in magnesium alloys. Zr emerges as the most effective grain refiner for magnesium alloys in the absence of Al, Si, etc. Typically, Zr is introduced in the form of an Mg-Zr master alloy. The crucial factor for achieving effective grain refinement in magnesium alloys incorporating Zr lies in regulating the morphology of Zr elements in the Mg-Zr master alloy, distinguishing between particle Zr and solute Zr. This study presents the theoretical groundwork for grain refinement. Drawing upon the growth restriction theory and heterogeneous nucleation theory, the refinement mechanism of soluble Zr and particle Zr on magnesium alloys is discussed. The discussion also identifies the engineering application bottleneck associated with Zr-refined magnesium alloys. A comprehensive review of advancements in Zr-refined magnesium alloy research is conducted, encompassing particle Zr and solute Zr. This review highlights the synergistic design strategy proposed for Zr-refined magnesium alloys. Ultimately, the anticipated development trends for Zr-refined magnesium alloys is prospected.

Key words: magnesium alloy grain refinement growth restriction heterogeneous nucleation Mg-Zr master alloy

Received: 02 June 2023

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3501001);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52061028);Major Research and Development Projects of Jiangxi Province(20223BBE51021)

Corresponding Authors: LIU Yong, professor, Tel: 13576087535, E-mail: liuyong@ncu.edu.cn

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00241 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2024/V60/I2/129

Table 1 Growth restriction factors (Q) of common solute elements in magnesium alloys^{[25,45,46,58]}

Fig.1 Effects of solute Zr content on the grain size of magnesium alloy after remelting^[73]

Fig.2 Relationship between Zr particle size and the minimum undercooling required for effective inoculation^[79] (a) and size distributions of active Zr nuclei in magnesium alloys^[71,79] (b)

Fig.3 Synergistic strategy of Zr on grain refinement of magnesium alloy (During solidification, solute Zr strongly inhibits the growth of α-Mg grains, while particle Zr acts as a heterogeneous nucleation core, and the combination of both produces higher nucleation rate and finer grain size)

Fig.4 Microstructure (a) and Zr particle size distri-bution (b) of Mg-Zr master alloy for industrial application

Fig.5 Effects of settling and restirring on inoculation of magnesium by zirconium at 780^oC^[79]

Fig.6 Relationship between Zr particle size and settling distance (S) in magnesium alloy melt (Crucible depth is 2 m, melt from 790^oC to 700^oC, cooling rate 0.75^oC/min, cooling time 120 min. Inset is a partial enlarged view of the box. d_n—particle diameter)

Fig.7 Microstructures of Mg-Zr master alloys treated by different processes (a-c) and grain size of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy refined by different master alloy (d)^[71]

Table 2 Comparisons of magnesium alloy refining effects by various treatment processes^{[71,80,82,84,86,87,90,93,96]}

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