Development and Application of Plastic Processing Technologies of Magnesium Alloys
PAN Fusheng1,2, JIANG Bin1,2()
1.National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China 2.Collegue of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Cite this article:
PAN Fusheng, JIANG Bin. Development and Application of Plastic Processing Technologies of Magnesium Alloys. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(11): 1362-1379.
China has the most abundant magnesium resources in the world. Magnesium and its alloys have the advantages of low density, high specific strength, good damping property, and exceptional electromagnetic-shielding and energy-storage characteristics. They are one of the most promising lightweight materials. The enhanced applications of magnesium alloys can save energy and reduce emissions and are significant to the new Chinese energy strategy. However, magnesium alloys have a hexagonal close-packed structure and exhibit relatively low ductility. A bottleneck in expanding the application of magnesium alloys is improving the ductility of magnesium alloys. For more than ten years, efforts have been made to improve the ductility and plastic deformation ability. Progress has been made in plastic-processing technologies of magnesium alloys. The novel alloy design theory “solid solution strengthening and ductilizing” and advanced preparation technologies such as “melt self-purification through varying temperature” have been established. Series of new magnesium alloys with good ductility and corresponding alloy grades have been developed, where the impurity content of iron can be reduced to below 10 × 10-6; the elongation was more than 60% for ultrahigh plasticity magnesium alloys and is above 10% for the ultrahigh-strength magnesium alloys (UTS > 550 MPa). New plastic-processing technologies, such as asymmetric extrusion, asymmetric rolling, asymmetric modification, cyclical multipass upsetting and squeezing, expansion control large ratio forging, and extrusion and forging composite forming, have been developed. These newly developed magnesium alloys and processing technologies weaken the basal texture in wrought magnesium alloys, improving the formability of sheets, tubes, profiles, and forgings and their product quality and reducing their product cost. These technologies have been successfully applied in the processing of magnesium sheets, pipe profiles, and forgings.
Fig.1 Solid solution strengthening and ductilizing to design new Mg alloys (Δτ, Δτ'—difference of sliding resistance) (a-h)[47]
Element
Solubility in Mg
(atomic fraction / %)
ΔτCRSS at the most solubility
MPa
ΔτCRSS at 1% (atomic fraction) solubility / MPa
Gd
4.53
23.22
10.91
Ca
0.41
6.85
10.71
Yb
1.2
11.15
10.18
Mn
0.996
10.13
10.15
Y
3.4
16.71
9.06
Dy
4.83
18.89
8.6
Er
6.9
19.05
7.25
Si
1.16
4.75
4.41
Ag
3.83
8.54
4.37
Zn
2.69
5.23
3.19
Sb
0
0
2.37
Al
11.5
7.08
2.09
Sc
15
6.11
1.58
Ti
0.12
0.49
1.41
Sn
3.35
2.34
1.28
Li
17
4.8
1.17
Zr
1.04
1
0.98
Fe
0.00043
0.24
-
Table 1 Basal CRSS changes of Mg with different solutes[47]
Fig.2 Equipment of online heating rolling (a) and its schematic diagram (b)[147,148]
Fig.3 Continuous bending experiment (V—velocity of sheet, T—pull force, θ—bending angle of sheet)[224,225]
Fig.4 Wide sheet of AZ31 magnesium alloy (The width is 1.5-2.2 m)
Fig.5 Wide profile (width is 502 mm) (a) and large circular component (diameter is 3.49 m) (b)
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