Unravelling the {101¯2} Twin Intersection Between LPSO Structure/SFs in Magnesium Alloy

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00532

Acta Metall Sin

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (4): 556-566 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00532

Research paper

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Unravelling the {

10 1 ¯ 2

} Twin Intersection Between LPSO Structure/SFs in Magnesium Alloy

SHAO Xiaohong¹, PENG Zhenzhen², JIN Qianqian³, MA Xiuliang¹(

)

¹Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
²School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
³Center for the Structure of Advanced Matter, School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China

Cite this article:

SHAO Xiaohong, PENG Zhenzhen, JIN Qianqian, MA Xiuliang. Unravelling the { $10 1 ¯ 2$ } Twin Intersection Between LPSO Structure/SFs in Magnesium Alloy. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(4): 556-566.

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Abstract

The effect of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) structure/solute-rich element laminar stacking faults (SFs) on the intersection of co-zone { $10 1 ¯ 2$ } twin variants was uncovered at the atomic scale by TEM. The results show that a basal-prismatic (BP) boundary is generally formed at the intersection of LPSO/SFs and twins, bending the twin boundaries (TBs) into a bow shape between the adjacent LPSO/SFs. The co-zone { $10 1 ¯ 2$ } twin variants and LPSO/SFs intersect with each other, introducing a basal-basal (BB) boundary and prismatic-prismatic (PP) boundaries, associated with a triangular matrix near the LPSO/SFs. More Zn atoms than Y atoms were segregated into the TBs. Also, when the LPSO structure is kinked, the { $10 1 ¯ 2$ } twin generates and grows on one side of the kink boundary, and the local kink boundary transforms into TB. The growing TB intersects with the residual kink boundary, leaving a triangular matrix near the LPSO/SFs. Multiple twin variants nucleate between the LPSO/SFs/TSFs (twinned stacking faults), and the associated Hall-Petch effect is brought by the segmentation introduced by the intersecting of variants, which can improve the Mg alloy hardening rate. Introducing different twin variants by regulating the LPSO structure's spacing and thickness in magnesium alloy may shed new light on optimizing their performance.

Key words: magnesium alloy LPSO structure twin Cs-corrected STEM atomic scale

Received: 21 October 2022

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51871222);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171021)

Corresponding Authors: MA Xiuliang, professor, Tel: (024)23971845, E-mail: xlma@imr.ac.cn

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00532 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2023/V59/I4/556

Fig.1 Three crystallographically types of twin-twin interactions formed from six { $10 1 ¯ 2$ } twin variants T _i (i = 1-6) in an hcp Mg lattice
(a) co-zone twins: T₁-T₄ twin-twin pair with the intersection line along <

1 2 ¯ 10

>
(b) non co-zone twins: T₁-T₂twin-twin interaction with the intersection along <

2 ¯ 2 ¯ 43

>
(c) non co-zone twins: T₁-T₃ twin-twin interaction with the intersection line along <

0 2 ¯ 21

>
(d) configuration of {

10 1 ¯ 2

} twin boundary in an hcp Mg lattice
(e) {

10 1 ¯ 2

} twin variants formed between the LPSO/SFs (LPSO—long period stacking ordered, SF—stacking fault)

Fig.2 Microstructures of Mg-Zn-Y alloy with LPSO structures before (a, b) and after (c) compression at room temperature
(a) low-magnification HAADF-STEM image showing the basal planes of LPSO structures and SFs enriched with Zn and Y atoms are parallel to the basal plane of the matrix in the Mg-Zn-Y alloy
(b) atomic-scale HAADF-STEM image showing AB'C'A building blocks (red lines) in the LPSO
(c) the multiple twins were triggered during compression, and they intersected with the SFs

Fig.3 BB and PP interfaecs introduced by the co-zone { $10 1 ¯ 2$ } twins intersection between the LPSO/SFs (BB—basal-basal, PP—prismatic-prismatic, TB—twin boundary, TSFs——twinned stacking faults)
(a) low-magnification HAADF-STEM image of the wavy {

10 1 ¯ 2

} twin boundary formed by {

10 1 ¯ 2

} twin intersecting with SFs, and the corresponding EDS image showing the segregation of Zn atoms at the TB
(b) atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image showing the TB deflected from the basal plane of ~4° (Inserted inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) image shows a periodic array of dislocations in the twin boundary, which was processed by masking (0002) reflection of the matrix and {

10 1 ¯ 0

} reflection of the twin)
(c) TB framed by cyan rectangle in Fig.3b deflecting from the {

10 1 ¯ 2

} plane is segregated with solute atoms
(d) the corresponding IFFT image of Fig.3c processed by masking (0002) of the matrix and {

10 1 ¯ 0

} reflection of the twin (cyan-color dashed-line circles in the inset fast Fourier transform (FFT) pattern), showing the periodic array of dislocations associated with the TB
(e) high-magnification HAADF-STEM image showing the impingement of multiple twins, leaving a triangular matrix, denoted by M in Fig.3a
(f) twin boundaries and BB boundary delineated by dashed lines, and the corresponding FFT images of TB1, TB2, and BB boundary

Fig.4 TEM images of BB interface and { $10 1 ¯ 1$ } twin within { $10 1 ¯ 2$ } twin between LPSO/SFs
(a) high-magnification HAADF-STEM image showing the twin-induced BB boundary within the LPSO structures, where the TB is delineated by a white dashed line
(b) enlarged image of cyan rectangle framed area showing that the BB coexists with {

10 1 ¯ 1

} twin. The FFT images corres-ponding to I~III are inserted
(c) enlarged image of yellow rectangle framed area indicating that the BB (~7°) is connected with TB, and the FFT image is inserted
(d) a set of dislocations are displayed at the BB boundary generated by masking (0002) reflections (shown by the cyan dashed circles) of the two crystals
(e) geometric phase analysis (GPA) further confirming the position of dislocation cores (The colour bar indicates change in strain intensity from -0.25 (compressive) to 0.25 (tensile))

Fig.5 Microstructure of BB interfaces formed in the Mg layers sandwiched between LPSO and TSFs with a spacing of ~20  nm
(a) high-magnification HAADF-STEM image of BB boundary between LPSO and TSFs, shown by the yellow arrows (b, c) atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of the BB boundary of ~11° denoted by b and c in Fig.5a. The array of dislocations processed by masking (0002) reflections of the left and right twin (cyan-color dashed-line circles in the inset FFT pattern) are imposed on the BB boundaries. The original triangular LPSO remains at the intersection between the intersection of left and right twins, where the AB'C'A building blocks are denoted by the red lines in Fig.5b, and very small local SFs with matrix orientation, which was framed by the dashed rectangle in Fig.5c (Inset shows the FFT pattern of the left and right twin. The shearing of LPSO caused by the twin intersection was indicated by the red arrows in Figs.5a and b)

Fig.6 High-magnification HAADF-STEM image of a region containing { $10 1 ¯ 2$ } twin embryo and BB boundary between LPSO structure (insets I-V show the FFT images of regions I-V) (a), and atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM images showing the relatively wide overlapping due to the { $10 1 ¯ 2$ } twin and matrix (b, c) (The yellow arrows in Figs.6b and c indicate propagation of the twin towards the matrix (PB—prismatic-basal)

Fig.7 Schematics of the nucleation (a), propagation of { $10 1 ¯ 2$ } twin via coarsening single variant (b), BB boundaries' formation and associated with triangle matrix at the intersection of two co-zone of { $10 1 ¯ 2$ } twin (c), and the configuration of refining via twin intersection (d) (The blue and red lines between the LPSO structures denote the basal plane of two variants, and the blue and red dash lines represent their twin boundaries, respectively)

Fig.8 Low-magnification HAADF-STEM images of a region containing twin and kink boundary (KB) between the high-density SFs or LPSO structure
(a) the matrix with KB was surrounded by the twins
(b) KB connected with TB, which was also connected with a triangle matrix (denoted by red arrows)
(c) zoom-in image of the area “M” shows the triangle matrix 3 relates to a BB boundary
(d) atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of the area d in Fig.8c indicating that the triple intersection consists of BP, KB, and PB
(e) magnification image of area e in Fig.8b suggesting the formation of dislocations with c Burgers vectors in the LPSO structure (red ⊥) due to the twin shear

Fig.9 Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of TB connecting with KB between LPSO structures, where the twinning just nucleated in the left side of the kink (a), and nearly occupied the left side of the kink (b) (LTB—left twin boundary, RTB—right twin boundary, CTB—coherent twin boundary)

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