Construction of Hot Processing Map of Solutionized Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr Alloy and Microstructure Evolution

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00225

Acta Metall Sin

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (4): 632-642 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00225

Research paper

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Construction of Hot Processing Map of Solutionized Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr Alloy and Microstructure Evolution

BAO Chengli¹, LI Hao¹, HU Li¹(

), ZHOU Tao¹, TANG Ming², HE Qubo³, LIU Xiangguo⁴

1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
2 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
3 Chongqing Material Research Institute Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400707, China
4 Chongqing Zhonglei Tech. Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400800, China

Cite this article:

BAO Chengli, LI Hao, HU Li, ZHOU Tao, TANG Ming, HE Qubo, LIU Xiangguo. Construction of Hot Processing Map of Solutionized Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr Alloy and Microstructure Evolution. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(4): 632-642.

Download:

HTML

PDF(3986KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

Mg-rare earth (RE)-Zn alloys with long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases have received extensive attention in the past few years because of their excellent mechanical properties compared with conventional wrought Mg alloys. However, the corresponding hot deformation behaviors and microstructure characteristics of Mg-RE-Zn alloys are rather complex. An in-depth investigation into this would broaden their engineering applications. In this work, hot compression experiments of solutionized Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr alloys at 350-500 ^oC and a strain rate of 0.001-1 s^-1 have been conducted to investigate the hot deformation behavior, construct the hot processing map, and determine the hot working window. Afterward, the interaction between dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and kink deformation of LPSO phase during hot deformation has been studied through microstructure characterization. Results show that the flow stress decreases with the increase of temperature and the decrease of strain rate. When deformed at a relatively high strain rate, the sensitivity of flow stress to temperature is evident. When deformed at a relatively low temperature, the sensitivity of flow stress to strain rate is prominent. The corresponding hot processing map was constructed based on Murty criterion. Under a strain of 0.7, two optimal processing areas are found at 400-450 ^oC (0.001-0.027 s^-1) and 450-487 ^oC (0.12-1 s^-1). The accuracy of the constructed hot processing map has been verified by using microstructure characterization (via volume fraction analysis of recrystallized grains) of deformed samples, which correspond to different regions in the constructed hot processing map. By analyzing the softening stress of the flow curve at different temperatures (peak stress minus state stress), DRX volume fraction and kinking angle of the lamellar LPSO phase, the degree of kink deformation of the lamellar LPSO phase decreases with the increase of deformation temperature. In addition, the DRX volume fraction increases with the increase of deformation temperature. Moreover, the kink deformation of the lamellar LPSO phase has an inhibitory effect on DRX and the softening stress of the flow curve could be jointly affected by DRX and the kink deformation of the lamellar LPSO phase.

Key words: Mg-RE-Zn alloy hot deformation behavior hot processing map dynamic recrystallization kink deformation of LPSO phase

Received: 18 May 2023

ZTFLH:

TG146.22

Fund: Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M703592);Special Funded Project of Chongqing Postdoctoral Research Program(2021XM1022);Qingnian Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China(KJQN202101141);Postgraduate Innovation Project of Chongqing(CYS22640);Graduate Science Research Project of Chongqing University of Technology(KLA21024)

Corresponding Authors: HU Li, associate professor, Tel: 17358428920, E-mail: huli@cqut.edu.cn

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	（）
	Articles by authors
	BAO Chengli
	LI Hao
	HU Li
	ZHOU Tao
	TANG Ming
	HE Qubo
	LIU Xiangguo

URL:

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00225 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2025/V61/I4/632

Fig.1 Schematic of isothermal hot compression process (T—temperature, $ε ˙$ —strain rate)

Fig.2 FESEM image and EDS element distribution maps of Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy after solution treatment

Table 1 EDS results of Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy after solution treatment in Fig.2a

Fig.3 OM images of surfaces perpendicular (a) and parallel (b) to ED in Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy after solution treatment and distributions of grain sizes (c) (ED—extrusion direction)

Fig.4 True stress-true strain curves of solid-solution Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr alloys at different deformation temperatures (Insets in Fig.4a show the macroscopic morphologies of fractured samples at 350 ^oC, 0.1 s^-1 and 350 ^oC, 1 s^-1)
(a) 350 ^oC (b) 400 ^oC (c) 450 ^oC (d) 500 ^oC

Fig.5 Sensitivity analyses of the peak stress for solid-solution Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr alloys
(a) under different strain rates (b) under different deformation temperatures

Fig.6 3D power dissipation coefficient (η) maps of solid-solution Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr alloys under 0.1 (a), 0.3 (b), 0.5 (c), and 0.7 (d) strains

Fig.7 Hot processing maps of solid-solution Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr alloys under 0.1 (a), 0.3 (b), 0.5 (c), and 0.7 (d) strains

Fig.8 EBSD images (a-e) and the corresponding dynamic recrystallization (DRX) fractions (f) of Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy deformed samples under deformation conditions of 400 ^oC and 1 s^-1 (point A in Fig.7d) (a), 400 ^oC and 0.1 s^-1 (point B in Fig.7d) (b), 400 ^oC and 0.01 s^-1 (point C in Fig.7d) (c), 450 ^oC and 0.01 s^-1 (point D in Fig.7d) (d), and 500 ^oC and 1 s^-1 (point E in Fig.7d) (e) (CD—compression direction, TD—transverse direction, ND—normal direction. Inset in Fig.8f shows the macroscopic morphology of fractured sample at 500 ^oC and 1 s^-1)

Fig.9 OM images of Mg-10Gd-6Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy deformed samples under constant strain rate 0.01 s^-1 and temperatures of 350 ^oC (a), 400 ^oC (b), 450 ^oC (c), and 500 ^oC (d) (The angles in Figs.9a-c are the kink band angles)

Fig.10 Statistical analysis of kink angles (180°-θ) of lamellar LPSO phases and DRX grain fractions of deformed samples in Fig.9 (θ—kink band angle)

1	Wang C, Ma A B, Liu H, et al. Research progress on heat resistance of magnesium-rare earth alloys reinforced by long period stacking ordered phase [J]. Mater. Rep., 2019, 33: 3298
	王策, 马爱斌, 刘欢等. LPSO相增强镁稀土合金耐热性能研究进展 [J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33: 3298
2	Zhang R Q, Wang J F, Huang S, et al. Substitution of Ni for Zn on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Mn alloy [J]. J. Magnes. Alloy., 2017, 5: 355
3	Liu H, Bai J, Yan K, et al. Comparative studies on evolution behaviors of 14H LPSO precipitates in as-cast and as-extruded Mg-Y-Zn alloys during annealing at 773 K [J]. Mater. Des., 2016, 93: 9
4	Liao H X, Kim J, Lv J B, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties with various pre-treatment and Zn content in Mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloys [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 831: 154873
5	Li X, Mao P L, Wang F, et al. A literature review on study of long-period stacking ordered phase and its effect on magnesium alloys [J]. Mater. Rep., 2019, 33: 1182
	李响, 毛萍莉, 王峰等. 长周期有序堆垛相(LPSO)的研究现状及在镁合金中的作用 [J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33: 1182
6	Deng Y H. Research progress and development trend in Mg-RE alloys [J]. Chin. Rare Earths, 2009, 30(1): 76
	邓永和. 稀土镁合金研究现状与发展趋势 [J]. 稀土, 2009, 30(1): 76
7	Xu D K, Han E H, Xu Y B. Effect of long-period stacking ordered phase on microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys: A review [J]. Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int., 2016, 26: 117
8	Chen Z Y, Li Q A, Chen X Y, et al. Research status and application of Zn-containing magnesium alloys and influence of LPSO on alloy properties [J]. J. Chin. Soc. Rare Earths, 2021, 39: 860
	陈籽佚, 李全安, 陈晓亚等. 含锌镁合金的研究现状与应用及其LPSO相对合金性能的影响 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2021, 39: 860
9	Xing Q Y, Meng L G, Yang S J, et al. Research progress of new magnesium-rare earth alloy [J]. Foundry, 2018, 67: 317
	邢清源, 孟令刚, 杨守杰等. 新型稀土镁合金的研究进展 [J]. 铸造, 2018, 67: 317
10	Ullmann M, Kittner K, Prahl U. Hot deformation and dynamic recrystallisation behaviour of twin-roll cast Mg-6.8Y-2.5Zn-0.4Zr magnesium alloy [J]. Materials, 2021, 14: 307
11	Esmaeilpour H, Zarei-Hanzaki A, Eftekhari N, et al. Strain induced transformation, dynamic recrystallization and texture evolution during hot compression of an extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2020, A778: 139021
12	Bao C L, Zhou T, Shi L X, et al. Hot deformation behavior and constitutive analysis of as-extruded Mg-6Zn-5Ca-3Ce alloy fabricated by rapid solidification [J]. Metals, 2021, 11: 480
13	Nie Y J F, Zheng J, Han R, et al. Hot deformation behaviour and constitutive equation of Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy [J]. Materials, 2022, 15: 1779
14	Zhang L, Wu X Y, Zhang X F, et al. Constitutive model and recrystallization mechanism of Mg-8.7Gd-4.18Y-0.42Zr magnesium alloy during hot deformation [J]. Materials, 2022, 15: 3914
15	Xia X S, Chen Q, Li J P, et al. Characterization of hot deformation behavior of as-extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2014, 610: 203
16	Chen B, Zhou W M, Li S, et al. Hot compression deformation behavior and processing maps of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy [J]. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22: 2458
17	Xu W C, Jin X Z, Shan D B, et al. Study on the effect of solution treatment on hot deformation behavior and workability of Mg-7Gd-5Y-0.6Zn-0.8Zr magnesium alloy [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 720: 309
18	Xue T X, Yu J B, Wang Z, et al. Investigation on hot workability of Fe-6.5Si-2Cr-12Ni high-silicon steel based on processing map and microstructural evolution [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2023, 54A: 2227
19	Li B, Teng B G, Xu W C. Hot deformation characterization of homogenized Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy during isothermal compression [J]. JOM, 2019, 71: 4059
20	Liu H N, Li Y J, Zhang K, et al. Microstructure, hot deformation behavior, and textural evolution of Mg-3wt%Zn-1wt%Ca-0.5wt% Sr alloy [J]. J. Mater. Sci., 2020, 55: 12434
21	Hu L, Lang M A, Shi L X, et al. Study on hot deformation behavior of homogenized Mg-8.5Gd-4.5Y-0.8Zn-0.4Zr alloy using a combination of strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive model and finite element simulation method [J]. J. Magnes. Alloy., 2023, 11: 1016
22	Li K, Chen Z Y, Chen T, et al. Hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization behaviors of Mg-Gd-Zn alloy with LPSO phases [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 792: 894
23	Jeong H T, Kim W J. The hot compressive deformation behavior of cast Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys with and without LPSO phase in their initial microstructures [J]. J. Magnes. Alloy., 2022, 10: 2901
24	Murty S V S N, Rao B N. On the development of instability criteria during hotworking with reference to IN 718 [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 1998, A254: 76
25	Prasad Y V R K, Gegel H L, Doraivelu S M, et al. Modeling of dynamic material behavior in hot deformation: forging of Ti-6242 [J]. Metall. Trans., 1984, 15A: 1883
26	Prasad Y V R K, Seshacharyulu T. Processing maps for hot working of titanium alloys [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 1998, A243: 82
27	Srinivasan N, Prasad Y V R K, Rao P R. Hot deformation behaviour of Mg-3Al alloy—A study using processing map [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2008, A476: 146
28	Wang L, Sabisch J, Lilleodden E T. Kink formation and concomitant twin nucleation in Mg-Y [J]. Scr. Mater., 2016, 111: 68
29	Liu C, Yang X H, Peng J C, et al. In-situ and ex-situ investigation of deformation behaviors of a dual-phase Mg-Ni-Y alloy [J]. Scr. Mater., 2023, 226: 115264
30	Zhou Y C, Luo Q, Jiang B, et al. Strength-ductility synergy in Mg_98.3Y_1.3Ni_0.4 alloy processed by high temperature homogenization and rolling [J]. Scr. Mater., 2022, 208: 114345

[1]	LIU Guanghui, WANG Weiguo, Rohrer Gregory S, CHEN Song, LIN Yan, TONG Fang, FENG Xiaozheng, ZHOU Bangxin. {111}/{111} Near Singular Boundaries in a Dynamically Recrystallized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Compressed at Elevated Temperature[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(9): 1165-1178.
[2]	YANG Ruize, ZHAI Ruzong, REN Shaofei, SUN Mingyue, XU Bin, QIAO Yanxin, YANG Lanlan. Evolution and Healing Mechanism of 1Cr22Mn16N High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel Interface Microstructure During Plastic Deformation Bonding[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(7): 915-925.
[3]	CHEN Shenghu, WANG Qiyu, JIANG Haichang, RONG Lijian. Effect of δ-Ferrite on Hot Deformation and Recrystallization of 316KD Austenitic Stainless Steel for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Application[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(3): 367-376.
[4]	LI Fulin, FU Rui, BAI Yunrui, MENG Lingchao, TAN Haibing, ZHONG Yan, TIAN Wei, DU Jinhui, TIAN Zhiling. Effects of Initial Grain Size and Strengthening Phase on Thermal Deformation and Recrystallization Behavior of GH4096 Superalloy[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 855-870.
[5]	LOU Feng, LIU Ke, LIU Jinxue, DONG Hanwu, LI Shubo, DU Wenbo. Microstructures and Formability of the As-Rolled Mg- xZn-0.5Er Alloy Sheets at Room Temperature[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(11): 1439-1447.
[6]	WU Caihong, FENG Di, ZANG Qianhao, FAN Shichun, ZHANG Hao, LEE Yunsoo. Microstructure Evolution and Recrystallization Behavior During Hot Deformation of Spray Formed AlSiCuMg Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(7): 932-942.
[7]	REN Shaofei, ZHANG Jianyang, ZHANG Xinfang, SUN Mingyue, XU Bin, CUI Chuanyong. Evolution of Interfacial Microstructure of Ni-Co Base Superalloy During Plastic Deformation Bonding and Its Bonding Mechanism[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(2): 129-140.
[8]	JIANG Weining, WU Xiaolong, YANG Ping, GU Xinfu, XIE Qingge. Formation of Dynamic Recrystallization Zone and Characteristics of Shear Texture in Surface Layer of Hot-Rolled Silicon Steel[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(12): 1545-1556.
[9]	NI Ke, YANG Yinhui, CAO Jianchun, WANG Liuhang, LIU Zehui, QIAN Hao. Softening Behavior of 18.7Cr-1.0Ni-5.8Mn-0.2N Low Nickel-Type Duplex Stainless Steel During Hot Compression Deformation Under Large Strain[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(2): 224-236.
[10]	LI Tianrui, LIU Guohuai, YU Shaoxia, WANG Wenjuan, ZHANG Fengyi, PENG Quanyi, WANG Zhaodong. Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Mechanisms by Direct Hot-Pack Rolling for As-Cast Ti-46Al-8Nb Alloys[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(8): 1091-1102.
[11]	CHEN Wenxiong, HU Baojia, JIA Chunni, ZHENG Chengwu, LI Dianzhong. Post-Dynamic Softening of Austenite in a Ni-30%Fe Model Alloy After Hot Deformation[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(6): 874-884.
[12]	ZHANG Yang, SHAO Jianbo, CHEN Tao, LIU Chuming, CHEN Zhiyong. Deformation Mechanism and Dynamic Recrystallization of Mg-5.6Gd-0.8Zn Alloy During Multi-Directional Forging[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(5): 723-735.
[13]	WU Huajian, CHENG Renshan, LI Jingren, XIE Dongsheng, SONG Kai, PAN Hucheng, QIN Gaowu. Effect of Al Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Sn-Ca Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(10): 1423-1432.
[14]	ZHANG Yong, LI Xinxu, WEI Kang, WAN Zhipeng, JIA Chonglin, WANG Tao, LI Zhao, SUN Yu, LIANG Hongyan. Hot Deformation Characteristics of Novel Wrought Superalloy GH4975 Extruded Rod Used for 850 ℃ Turbine Disc[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(10): 1401-1410.
[15]	Xu LI,Qingbo YANG,Xiangze FAN,Yonglin GUO,Lin LIN,Zhiqing ZHANG. Influence of Deformation Parameters on Dynamic Recrystallization of 2195 Al-Li Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(6): 709-719.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed