Effect of Copper Content on the MIC Resistance in Pipeline Steel

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00007

Acta Metall Sin

2024, Vol. 60

Issue (1): 43-56 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00007

Research paper

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Effect of Copper Content on the MIC Resistance in Pipeline Steel

ZENG Yunpeng¹^,², YAN Wei²^,³(

), SHI Xianbo²^,³, YAN Maocheng², SHAN Yiyin²^,³, YANG Ke²

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
2 Shi -changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
3 CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Cite this article:

ZENG Yunpeng, YAN Wei, SHI Xianbo, YAN Maocheng, SHAN Yiyin, YANG Ke. Effect of Copper Content on the MIC Resistance in Pipeline Steel. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(1): 43-56.

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Abstract

Microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC), particularly those caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), is considered as a destructive mechanism in buried pipeline steels, which has received considerable attention since its discovery a century ago. Research has shown that sessile cells that are attached to a metal surface embedded in biofilms with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are responsible for the occurrence of MIC. However, the commonly used MIC control strategy, i.e., biocides, cannot perform sterilization of sessile cells because of the protection of the biofilm. Cu-bearing pipeline steel is a newly developed steel that can be used for MIC control in buried pipes. The continuous release of cytotoxic Cu ions from the steel matrix leads to MIC resistance. However, the influence of Cu content on MIC resistance remains unclear. A lower Cu content in steel is not beneficial to its MIC resistance, whereas a higher Cu content can increase the cost and may cause “hot shortness” during thermal processing. Therefore, clarifying the influence of Cu content on the properties of Cu-bearing pipeline steel is important for the practical application of the steel. In the present study, the influence of Cu content (0, 0.7%, and 1.34%; mass fraction) on the corrosion behavior of X65 grade Cu-bearing pipeline steel was investigated through electrochemical measurements and surface analysis during 14 d immersion in sterile and SRB-inoculated NS4 solutions, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that the antibacterial properties and corrosion resistance of the steel improved with the increase of Cu content. When Cu content was increased to 1.34%, the pitting corrosion of the steel in the SRB-inoculated medium was almost suppressed. The protective corrosion products formed in the sterile medium and antibacterial Cu ions continuously released from the steel in the SRB-inoculated medium resulted in the remarkable corrosion resistance of Cu-bearing pipeline steels.

Key words: microbiologically induced corrosion sulfate reduced bacteria (SRB) Cu-bearing pipeline steel antibacterial property corrosion resistance

Received: 06 January 2022

ZTFLH:

TG174.2

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1906226)

Corresponding Authors: YAN Wei, professor, Tel: (024)83978990, E-mail: weiyan@ima.ac.cn

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	ZENG Yunpeng
	YAN Wei
	SHI Xianbo
	YAN Maocheng
	SHAN Yiyin
	YANG Ke

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00007 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2024/V60/I1/43

Table 1 Chemical compositions of the steels

Fig.1 Microstructures of Cu-bearing pipeline steels with different Cu contents
(a) 1# (b) 2# (c) 3#

Fig.2 Open circuit potential (E_OCP) of Cu-bearing steels with different Cu contents in sterile (a) and SRB inoculated (b) NS4 solutions as a function of time (SRB—sulfate reducing bacteria, NS—no SRB, SCE—saturated calomel electrode)

Fig.3 Time dependence of $R p$ of Cu-bearing steels with different Cu contents in sterile (a) and SRB-inoculated (b) NS4 solutions ( $R p$ —linear polarization resistance)

Fig.4 Potentiodynamic polarization curves of Cu-bearing steels with different Cu contents immersed in sterile (a) and SRB inoculated (b) NS4 solutions for 14 d (E—potential, i_corr—corrosion current density)

Fig.5 Nyquist plots of Cu-bearing steels with different Cu contents during 14 d immersion in sterile (a, c, e) and SRB inoculated (b, d, f) NS4 solutions
(a, b) 1# (c, d) 2# (e, f) 3#

Fig.6 Equivalent circuits model used to fit EIS data ( $R s$ —resistance of solution, Q_f—capacitance of oxide film layer, Q_dl—capacitance of electrical double-layer, $R f$ —resistance of oxide film layer, $R c t$ —charge transfer resistance of electrical double-layer)
(a) equivalent circuit for one-time constant (b) equivalent circuit for two-time constant

Steel	Time / d	R_s / (Ω·cm²)	Q_dl		R_ct / (Ω·cm²)	$χ 2$
			Y_dl / (S·s ⁿ ·cm^-2)	n_dl
NS-1#	1	193.6	1.387 × 10^-4	0.8365	1.733 × 10⁴	6.07 × 10^-4
	2	188.8	7.166 × 10^-5	0.8953	1.881 × 10⁵	8.79 × 10^-4
	4	175.8	5.981 × 10^-5	0.9082	4.377 × 10⁵	7.93 × 10^-4
	7	169.2	5.488 × 10^-5	0.9110	5.946 × 10⁵	8.95 × 10^-4
	14	141.9	5.519 × 10^-5	0.9104	6.011 × 10⁵	9.05 × 10^-4
NS-2#	1	198.8	1.427 × 10^-4	0.8385	6.071 × 10⁴	8.29 × 10^-4
	2	196.1	5.011 × 10^-5	0.8915	9.385 × 10⁴	1.05 × 10^-3
	4	183.6	3.830 × 10^-5	0.9385	3.809 × 10⁵	9.87 × 10^-3
	7	171.4	3.783 × 10^-4	0.9425	5.215 × 10⁵	1.01 × 10^-3
	14	148.4	4.342 × 10^-3	0.9478	4.932 × 10⁵	9.08 × 10^-4
NS-3#	1	193.4	8.350 × 10^-5	0.8461	1.814 × 10⁴	6.85 × 10^-4
	2	190.1	4.959 × 10^-5	0.9182	1.428 × 10⁵	1.15 × 10^-3
	4	179.4	4.756 × 10^-5	0.9369	1.956 × 10⁵	9.09 × 10^-4
	7	166.5	5.263 × 10^-5	0.9413	2.121 × 10⁵	5.82 × 10^-4
	14	143.9	7.236 × 10^-5	0.9443	1.481 × 10⁵	6.28 × 10^-4

Table 2 Fitting results of EIS in sterile NS4 solution

Fig.7 Time dependence of $R c t$ and ( $R c t + R f$ ) values of Cu-bearing steels with different Cu contents immersed in sterile (a) and SRB inoculated (b) NS4 solutions for 14 d

Fig.8 CLSM images of Cu-bearing steels with different Cu contents immersed in SRB inoculated solution for 14 d
(a) 1# (b) 2# (c) 3#

Steel	Time d	R_s Ω·cm²	Q_f		R_f Ω·cm²	Q_dl		R_ct Ω·cm²	$χ 2$
	Time d	R_s Ω·cm²	Y_f / S·s ⁿ ·cm^-2	n_f	R_f Ω·cm²	Y_dl / (S·s ⁿ ·cm^-2)	n_dl	R_ct Ω·cm²
SRB-1#	1	216.4				5.25 × 10^-3	0.9102	6.627 × 10⁴	4.71 × 10^-4
	2	201.8				8.80 × 10^-4	0.9100	5.509 × 10⁴	8.09 × 10^-4
	4	180.2	7.73 × 10^-3	0.4713	47.9	3.05 × 10^-3	0.9586	3.897 × 10⁴	3.79 × 10^-4
	7	172.5	1.07 × 10^-2	0.4280	46.5	4.51 × 10^-3	0.9582	1.451 × 10⁵	2.43 × 10^-5
	14	153.0	7.92 × 10^-5	0.4683	25.5	2.38 × 10^-3	0.9599	4.578 × 10⁵	9.57 × 10^-4
SRB-2#	1	223.6				5.50 × 10^-4	0.9134	5.686 × 10⁴	5.74 × 10^-4
	2	205.9				6.30 × 10^-4	0.9107	5.136 × 10⁴	1.34 × 10^-3
	4	184.0	5.25 × 10^-3	0.5171	62.0	6.83 × 10^-5	0.8613	3.695 × 10⁴	7.08 × 10^-4
	7	166.1	9.96 × 10^-3	0.4871	64.3	4.91 × 10^-3	0.9679	7.404 × 10⁴	1.95 × 10^-5
	14	150.5	9.37 × 10^-2	0.4326	68.4	2.88 × 10^-3	0.9383	3.659 × 10⁵	6.33 × 10^-4
SRB-3#	1	336.7				1.202 × 10^-4	0.8096	5.097 × 10⁴	5.74 × 10^-4
	2	311.7				7.821 × 10^-5	0.8763	4.003 × 10⁴	1.34 × 10^-3
	4	184.3	5.62 × 10^-3	0.5385	46.8	3.358 × 10^-3	0.9654	3.486 × 10⁴	3.32 × 10^-5
	7	169.9	8.93 × 10^-3	0.4411	57.3	5.402 × 10^-3	0.9658	4.555 × 10⁴	1.35 × 10^-5
	14	154.8	7.00 × 10^-5	0.4417	63.0	4.840 × 10^-3	0.9599	1.068 × 10⁵	1.07 × 10^-3

Table 3 Fitting results of EIS in SRB inoculated NS4 solution

Fig.9 SEM images of Cu-bearing steels with different Cu contents immersed in sterile (a-c) and SRB inoculated (d-f) NS4 solutions for 14 d (Insets are the high magnification morphologies of the corrosion products on the steel surfaces. Red squares in the insets denote the element analysis locations) (a, d) 1# (b, e) 2# (c, f) 3#

Fig.10 XPS survey spectra of Cu-bearing steels with different Cu contents in sterile (a) and SRB inoculated (b) NS4 solutions for 14 d, and EDS analyses of 1# (c) and 2# (d) steels (boxes I and II in Fig.9) in SRB inoculated solution after 14 d immersion

Fig.11 High resolution XPS spectra of Cu in the surficial corrosion products on Cu-bearing steels with different Cu contents after immersion in sterile (a, b) and SRB inoculated (c, d) NS4 solutions for 14 d
(a, c) 1# (b, d) 2#

Fig.12 Surface morphologies with removal of corrosion products on Cu-bearing steels with different Cu contents after immersion in sterile (a-c) and SRB inoculated (d-f) NS4 solutions for 14 d (a, d) 1# (b, e) 2# (c, f) 3#

Fig.13 Pits statistics on Cu-bearing steels with different Cu contents after immersion in SRB inoculated NS4 solution for 14 d
(a) pit density (b) pit depth
(c-e) pit diameters and the largest pits on 1# (c), 2# (d), and 3# (e) steels, respectively

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