Passivation Behavior on the Surface of Stainless Steel Reinforced by Quasicrystal-Abrasive via Finite Element Simulation
CHEN Yongjun1,2, BAI Yan1, DONG Chuang2,3(), XIE Zhiwen1, YAN Feng1, WU Di1
1.School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology LiaoNing, Anshan 114051, China 2.Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 3.Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Device, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
Cite this article:
CHEN Yongjun, BAI Yan, DONG Chuang, XIE Zhiwen, YAN Feng, WU Di. Passivation Behavior on the Surface of Stainless Steel Reinforced by Quasicrystal-Abrasive via Finite Element Simulation. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(6): 909-918.
The quasicrystal (QC)-abrasive wear produces a flattened surface compared with traditional abrasives when used to polish metals, opening up new application fields for QC in particle form, but the influence range and extent of QC-abrasive on metal surface are not clear. In this work, the single particle grinding model was used for finite element simulation to qualitatively characterize the effect of QC-abrasive on the subsurface of stainless steel, which was ground by diamond, Al2O3 and QC single particle abrasive, respectively. The effects of three kinds of abrasives on the equivalent stress and strain of stainless steel surface were compared. Combined with the measurement of the gradient hardness of stainless steel subsurface, the Mott-Schottky plots and potentiodynamic polarization curve were given, analyzing the corrosion resistance mechanism of passivation film formed on the surface of stainless steel pretreated with QC-abrasive. The results show that the equivalent plastic strain of the stainless steel surface is the highest, up to 73%, when it is ground by QC single particle abrasive repeatedly for six times, which is consistent with the smearing coefficient measured in the experiment. The smearing-dominating on the surface of stainless steel treated with QC-abrasive is strengthened with time increased, but diamond and Al2O3 abrasives are improved cutting-dominating with time increased. At the same time, a large number of plastic deformation areas accumulated a higher stress, longitudinal sub-surface of stainless steel treated by QC-abrasive show a higher gradient distribution of equivalent stress. The simulation results are consistent with the changes of hardness of stainless steel at different depths measured in the experiment. The hardness of QC-abrasive treated stainless steel maintains the highest value at 200, 400 and 1800 nm to the surface, respectively. It is manifested as the gradient law of gradual decrease from the surface layer to the interior of the matrix. The Mott-Schottky plots with the minimum carrier concentration prove a large amount of plasticity accumulated on the subsurface of stainless steel treated via QC-abrasive, providing the preferred channel for the passivation element to bond with oxygen when the passivation film is formed on the surface. It can promote the formation of a complete passivation film on surface. The minimum passivation current density with 0.73×10-6 A/cm2 of potentiodynamic polarization curve indicates that QC-abrasive pretreated the surface of stainless steel is easier to be passivated. It is also less likely to be punctured to form pitting corrosion due to the relatively high breakdown potential.
Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51901094);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51771087);Doctoral Scientific Start-Up Research Foundation of Liaoning Province(2019-BS-124);Innovative Talents Support Plan of Liaoning Province(LR2017052);Foundation of University of Science and Technology LiaoNing(2019RC06);Foundation of University of Science and Technology LiaoNing(601011507-07)
Fig.1 Finite element mesh division (RP—reference point)
Abrasive
ρ
E
ν
kg·m-3
GPa
Diamond
3500
900
0.20
Al2O3
3900
366
0.23
QC-Al62Cu25.5Fe12.5
4492
168
0.23
304 stainless steel
7850
200
0.30
Table 1 Parameters of tool abrasive and workpiece 304 stainless steel[14,21]
Fig.2 Equivalent plastic strain distributions on the surface of stainless steel ground by different abrasives for the first cutting (a) and the sixth cutting (b) Color online
Fig.3 Longitudinal equivalent plastic strain distributions on the surface of stainless steel ground by diamond (a, d), Al2O3 (b, e) and QC (c, f) for the first cutting (a~c) and the sixth cutting (d~f) Color online
Fig.4 Average longitudinal equivalent plastic strains on the surface of stainless steel ground by different abrasives for the first cutting (a) and the sixth cutting (b)
Fig.5 Longitudinal equivalent stress distributions on the surface of stainless steel ground by diamond (a, d), Al2O3 (b, e) and QC (c, f) for the first cutting (a~c) and the sixth cutting (d~f) Color online
Fig.6 Average longitudinal equivalent stresses on the surface of stainless steel ground by different abrasives for the first cutting (a) and the sixth cutting (b)
Fig.7 Equivalent stress distributions on the surface of stainless steel ground by diamond (a), Al2O3 (b) and QC (c) for the sixth cutting Color online
Fig.8 Smearing coefficient vs polishing time on stainless steel with three kinds of abrasives
Fig.9 Nano-indentation hardness curves for the polished surface of 304 stainless steel with different abrasives (a) and the average hardness histograms of the three placements from the polished surface to 200 nm, 400 nm and 1800 nm (b)
Fig.10 Mott-Schottky plots of the oxide films formed on 304 stainless steel polished by three kinds of abrasives in neutrally aerated 3.5%NaCl solution with the immersion time of 24 h (Csc—capacitance of space charge layer )
Abrasive
NA
ND
Diamond
8.30
2.23
Al2O3
3.09
1.40
QC
2.15
0.99
Table 2 Densities of donor and acceptor (NDand NA) for n-type and p-type of the passive films on 304 stainless steel polished by three kinds of abrasives in neutrally aerated 3.5%NaCl solution with immersion time of 24 h
Fig.11 Potentiodynamic polarization curves of 304 stainless steel polished by diamond, Al2O3 and QC abrasives in neutrally aerated 3.5%NaCl solution with the immersion time of 24 h
Abrasive
icorr
10-7 A·cm-2
Ecorr
VAg/AgCl
ip
10-6 A·cm-2
Eb
VAg/AgCl
Diamond
0.30
-0.158
1.10
0.312
Al2O3
0.39
-0.153
1.46
0.327
QC
0.28
-0.146
0.73
0.342
Table 3 Characteristic parameters obtained from potentiodynamic polarization curves
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