|
|
Solidification Structure Refinement in TWIP Steel by Ce Inoculation |
LI Gen, LAN Peng(), ZHANG Jiaquan |
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China |
|
Cite this article:
LI Gen, LAN Peng, ZHANG Jiaquan. Solidification Structure Refinement in TWIP Steel by Ce Inoculation. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(5): 704-714.
|
Abstract Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel represents a novel grade of advanced high strength and ductility with significant potential for automotive industry. However, high alloying in TWIP steel leads to the inhomogeneous solute distribution and anisotropic local deformation. It is well known that the refinement of solidification structure is an effective solution to the above defects. Much attention has been paid to heterogeneous nucleation by Ce particles, acting as nucleating sites in liquid steel. The present work focuses on how Ce content and casting parameters affect the refinement of solidification structure in Fe-22Mn-0.65C TWIP steel, aiming to provide an effective technology in high alloy steel production. The reaction products of Ce inoculation were predicted by thermodynamics software FactSage 7.0 and their effectiveness of heterogeneous nucleation was estimated by lattice misfit model. The solidification structure refinement by Ce inoculation under different conditions was experimentally studied by OM, SEM, EBSD and EPMA. The results show that, with increasing Ce content the reaction products transferred from Ce2O3 to Ce2O3+a small amount of Ce2O2S, and both kinds of particles can act as heterogeneous nucleation cores theoretically. For as-cast solidification structure, the ratio of equiaxed grain area increased from 25% to 72%, average equiaxed grain size decreased from 480 μm to 130 μm and the segregation ratio of Mn decreased from 1.61 to 1.41. Meanwhile, the tendency of particle agglomeration was weakened by lowering inoculation temperature, resulting in the improvement structure refinement. In this work, the recommended inoculation parameters are concluded as (0.02%~0.04%)Ce with superheat of 20 ℃.
|
Received: 02 September 2019
|
|
Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51604021);Foundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-19-017A3) |
1 |
Grässel O, Frommeyer G. Effect of martensitic phase transformation and deformation twinning on mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-Si-Al steels [J]. Mater. Sci. Technol., 1998, 14: 1213
doi: 10.1179/mst.1998.14.12.1213
|
2 |
Grässel O, Krüger L, Frommeyer G, et al. High strength Fe-Mn-(Al, Si) TRIP/TWIP steels development-properties-application [J]. Int. J. Plast., 2000, 16: 1391
doi: 10.1016/S0749-6419(00)00015-2
|
3 |
Lan P, Zhang J Q. Tensile property and microstructure of Fe-22Mn-0.5C TWIP steel [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, A707: 373
|
4 |
Scott C, Remy B, Collet J L, et al. Precipitation strengthening in high manganese austenitic TWIP steels [J]. Int. J. Mater. Res., 2011, 102: 538
|
5 |
Kang S, Jung J G, Kang M, et al. The effects of grain size on yielding, strain hardening, and mechanical twinning in Fe-18Mn-0.6C-1.5Al twinning-induced plasticity steel [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2016, A652: 212
|
6 |
Yang J, Wang Y N, Ruan X M, et al. Effects of manganese content on solidification structures, thermal properties, and phase transformation characteristics in Fe-Mn-Al-C steels [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2015, 46B: 1365
|
7 |
Chen L Q, Zhao Y, Qin X M. Some aspects of high manganese twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel, a review [J]. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett., 2013, 26: 1
|
8 |
Wang X, Fang Y, Zhang G C, et al. Optimizing smelt and CC technology of the small billet of high manganese steel [J]. Contin. Cast., 2014, (2): 11
|
|
王 翔, 方 颖, 张国成等. 高锰钢小方坯冶炼连铸工艺优化 [J]. 连铸, 2014, (2): 11
|
9 |
Zhou Y H, Wang X, Fang Y, et al. The small billet CC process development of high manganese steel [J]. Mod. Mach., 2013, (2): 67
pmid: 14358693
|
|
周英豪, 王 翔, 方 颖等. 高锰钢小方坯连铸工艺开发 [J]. 现代机械, 2013, (2): 67
pmid: 14358693
|
10 |
Daamen M, Richter S, Hirt G. Microstructure analysis of high-manganese TWIP steels produced via strip casting [J]. Key Eng. Mater., 2013, 554-557: 553
|
11 |
Lan P, Zhang J Q. Thermophysical properties and solidification defects of Fe-22Mn-0.7C TWIP steel [J]. Steel Res. Int., 2016, 87: 250
|
12 |
Lan P, Tang H Y, Ji Y, et al. Hot ductility and fracture mechanism of Fe-22Mn-0.7C TWIP steel [J]. Chin. J. Eng., 2016, 38: 795
|
|
兰 鹏, 唐海燕, 纪 元等. Fe-22Mn-0.7CTWIP钢的热塑性与断裂机制 [J]. 工程科学学报, 2016, 38: 795
|
13 |
Li S Q, Liu J H, Liu H B, et al. Microsegregation in low carbon Fe-Mn-Si-Al TWIP steel [J]. Chin. J. Eng., 2016, 38: 937
|
|
李世琪, 刘建华, 刘洪波等. 低碳Fe-Mn-Si-Al系TWIP钢的显微偏析行为 [J]. 工程科学学报, 2016, 38: 937
|
14 |
Ohno M, Matsuura K. Refinement of as-cast austenite microstructure in S45C steel by titanium addition [J]. ISIJ Int., 2008, 48: 1373
|
15 |
Li M, Li J M, Zheng Q, et al. A new grain refiner for ferritic steels [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2017, 48B: 2902
|
16 |
Liu Z L. Review of grain refinement of cast metals through inoculation: Theories and developments [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2017, 48A: 4755
|
17 |
Greer A L, Bunn A M, Tronche A, et al. Modelling of inoculation of metallic melts: Application to grain refinement of aluminium by Al-Ti-B [J]. Acta Mater., 2000, 48: 2823
|
18 |
Liu S F, Huang S Y, Xu P. Influence of cerium addition on as-cast microstructure refinement of AZ91 magnesium alloy [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2006, 42: 443
|
|
刘生发, 黄尚宇, 徐 萍. Ce对AZ91镁合金铸态组织细化的影响 [J]. 金属学报, 2006, 42: 443
|
19 |
Heo Y U, Lee S Y, Cho J W, et al. Effects of Ce and P addition on as-cast structure and formation mechanism of cerium compounds in Ce-added TWIP steels [J]. Mater. Charact., 2016, 120: 234
|
20 |
Guo M X, Suito H. Influence of dissolved cerium and primary inclusion particles of Ce2O3 and CeS on solidification behavior of Fe-0.20 mass%C-0.02 mass%P alloy [J]. ISIJ Int., 1999, 39: 722
|
21 |
Nuri Y, Ohashi T, Hiromoto T, et al. Solidification microstructure of ingots and continuously cast slabs treated with rare earth metal [J]. Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 1982, 22: 399
doi: 10.2355/isijinternational1966.22.399
|
22 |
Huang Y, Cheng G G, Xie Y. Modification mechanism of cerium on the inclusions in drill steel [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2018, 54: 1253
doi: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00079
|
|
黄 宇, 成国光, 谢 有. 稀土Ce对钎具钢中夹杂物的改质机理研究 [J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54: 1253
doi: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00079
|
23 |
Bramfitt B L. The effect of carbide and nitride additions on the heterogeneous nucleation behavior of liquid iron [J]. Metall. Trans., 1970, 1: 1987
doi: 10.1007/BF02642799
|
24 |
Babu S S, Specht E D, David S A, et al. In-situ observations of lattice parameter fluctuations in austenite and transformation to bainite [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2005, 36A: 3281
|
25 |
Benz R. Ce2O2Sb and Ce2O2Bi crystal structure [J]. Acta Crystallogr. Sect., 1971, 27B: 853
|
26 |
Bärnighausen H, Schiller G. The crystal structure of A-Ce2O3 [J]. J. Less Common Met., 1985, 110: 385
|
27 |
de Andrés G, Caballero F G, Capdevila C, et al. Modelling of kinetics and dilatometric behavior of non-isothermal pearlite-to-austenite transformation in an eutectoid steel [J]. Scr. Mater., 1998, 39: 791
|
28 |
Li T, Shimasaki S I, Taniguchi S, et al. Stereological analysis of nonspherical particles in solid metal [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2013, 44B: 750
|
29 |
Guo M X, Suito H. Dispersion of primary inclusions of Ce2O3 and CeS in Fe-0.20 mass%C-0.02 mass%P alloy [J]. ISIJ Int., 1999, 39: 678
|
30 |
Gao X Z. Fundamental research on the application of nanoparticles added from outside in non-quenched and tempered steel 35MnVS [D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2017
|
|
高向宙. 外加纳米粒子技术在非调质钢35MnVS中应用的基础研究 [D]. 北京: 北京科技大学, 2017
|
31 |
Li G, Lu M G, Lan P, et al. Research progress of rare earth Ce on improvement of microstructure and homogeneity of as-cast steel [J]. J. Iron Steel Res., 2018, 30: 79
|
|
李 根, 陆民刚, 兰 鹏等. 稀土Ce改善钢铸态组织与均质性的研究进展 [J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2018, 30: 79
|
32 |
Suito H, Ohta H, Morioka S. Refinement of solidification microstructure and austenite grain by fine inclusion particles [J]. ISIJ Int., 2006, 46: 840
|
33 |
Sawai T, Wakoh M, Ueshima Y, et al. Analysis of oxide dispersion during solidification in Ti, Zr-deoxidized steels [J]. ISIJ Int., 1992, 32: 169
|
34 |
Pak J J, Jeong Y S, Hong I K, et al. Thermodynamics of TiN formation in Fe-Cr melts [J]. ISIJ Int., 2005, 45: 1106
|
35 |
Suito H, Inoue R. Thermodynamics on control of inclusions composition in ultraclean steels [J]. ISIJ Int., 1996, 36: 528
|
36 |
Ohta H, Suito H. Precipitation and dispersion control of MnS by deoxidation products of ZrO2, Al2O3, MgO and MnO-SiO2 particles in Fe-10mass%Ni alloy [J]. ISIJ Int., 2006, 46: 480
|
37 |
Pan N, Song B, Zhai Q J, et al. Effect of lattice disregistry on the heterogeneous nucleation catalysis of liquid steel [J]. J. Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing, 2010, 32: 179
|
|
潘 宁, 宋 波, 翟启杰等. 钢液非均质形核触媒效用的点阵错配度理论 [J]. 北京科技大学学报, 2010, 32: 179
|
38 |
Hou Y Y, Cheng G G. Formation mechanism and nucleation effect of Ti2O3-TiN complex nucleus at solidification front of 18Cr ferritic stainless steel [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2019, 50B: 1351
|
39 |
Li Y, Yang G, Jiang Z H, et al. Effects of Ce on the microstructure and properties of 27Cr-3.8Mo-2Ni super-ferritic stainless steels [J]. Ironmaking Steelmaking, 2020, 47: 67
|
40 |
Song S H, Sun S F. Effect of rare‐earth cerium on impurity tin‐induced hot ductility deterioration of SA508‐III reactor pressure vessel steel [J]. Steel Res. Int., 2016, 87: 1435
|
41 |
Ohashi T, Hiromoto T, Fujii H, et al. Effect of oxides on nucleation behaviour in supercooled iron [J]. Tetsu Hagané, 1976, 62: 614
|
|
大橋徹郎, 広本 健, 藤井博務等. 鉄の不均質核生成におよぼす酸化物の影響 [J]. 鐵と鋼, 1976, 62: 614
|
42 |
StJohn D H, Qian M, Easton M A, et al. The interdependence theory: The relationship between grain formation and nucleant selection [J]. Acta Mater., 2011, 59: 4907
doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.035
|
43 |
Easton M A, StJohn D H. Improved prediction of the grain size of aluminum alloys that includes the effect of cooling rate [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2008, A486: 8
|
44 |
Du Q, Li Y J. An extension of the Kampmann-Wagner numerical model towards as-cast grain size prediction of multicomponent aluminum alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2014, 71: 380
|
45 |
Wang X F, Chen W Q. Influence of cerium on hot workability of 00Cr25Ni7Mo4N super duplex stainless steel [J]. J. Rare Earths, 2010, 28: 295
|
46 |
Jo M C, Lee H, Zargaran A, et al. Exceptional combination of ultra-high strength and excellent ductility by inevitably generated Mn-segregation in austenitic steel [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, A737: 69
|
No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|