Making Materials Plain: Concept, Principle and Applications

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00316

Acta Metall Sin

2017, Vol. 53

Issue (11): 1413-1417 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00316

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Making Materials Plain: Concept, Principle and Applications

Le YANG, Xiuyan LI(

), Ke LU(

)

Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

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Le YANG, Xiuyan LI, Ke LU. Making Materials Plain: Concept, Principle and Applications. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(11): 1413-1417.

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Abstract

Alloying is conventionally used for advancing properties of engineering materials. But with increasing degree of alloying, materials become more resource dependent and more costly, and recycling and reuse of materials become more difficult. As nowadays sustainability is becoming a more and more important index for materials development, novel strategies for sustainable materials development is highly desired. In this paper, a sustainable “plain” approach to advancing materials without changing chemical compositions is proposed, i.e., architecturing imperfections across different length-scales. Novel properties and performance can be achieved in the “plain” materials with less alloying or even non-alloying. Basic concept, principle, as well as potential applications of the “plain materials” approach will be introduced.

Key words: making materials plain plain material imperfection alloying

Received: 26 July 2017

ZTFLH:

TG146

Fund: Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (No.2012CB932201), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51231006) and Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KGZD-EW-T06)

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00316 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2017/V53/I11/1413

Fig.1 Evolution of the high-temperature capability (Temperature for 1000 h creep life at 137 MPa (a) and their cost (b) of the superalloys made from three different technologies over the past 60 years)^[1]

Fig.2 Strength-ductility correlations (yield strength versus tensile elongation, i.e., the “Banana” curve) for different types of steels (IS—isotropic, BH—bake-hardening, CMn—carbon-magnesium, HSLA—high-strength-low-alloyed, DP—dual-phase, CP—complex-phase, TRIP—transformation-induced plasticity, MART—martensitic, IF—interstitial-free). Coarse-grained (CG) IF steels are soft and ductile. The nano-laminated (NL) IF steel is very hard but less ductile. Gradient nanostructures with the two extreme states may provide a broad range of strength-ductility combination as outlined by dashed lines^[25]

Fig.3 Illustration of the conventional manufacturing procedure of a component consisting of three parts (an axle, a gear, and an impeller) with different steels (a) and an advanced manufacturing procedure with the “plain” materials approach (b)
(a) consists of (i) melting and casting of three ingots with different chemical compositions, respectively. “X” represents other elements; (ii) cutting, forging and heat treatment for proper microstructures with required properties for each part; (iii) machining each part into the final geometry; and (iv) assembling them into a component
(b) consists of (i) melting and casting of an ingot with proper chemical compositions; (ii) cutting, forging, and heat treatment for optimizing microstructures with required basic properties of the component; (iii) machining into the final component geometry and modifying properties of each section with multiscale architecturing imperfections, respectively

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