Properties of CrMoTi Medimum-Entropy Alloy and Its In Situ Alloying Additive Manufacturing

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00030

Acta Metall Sin

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (8): 1055-1064 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00030

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Properties of CrMoTi Medimum-Entropy Alloy and Its In Situ Alloying Additive Manufacturing

LIU Guang¹^,², CHEN Peng¹^,³, YAO Xiyu¹, CHEN Pu¹, LIU Xingchen¹, LIU Chaoyang⁴, YAN Ming¹(

)

^1.Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
^3.School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
^4.Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China

Cite this article:

LIU Guang, CHEN Peng, YAO Xiyu, CHEN Pu, LIU Xingchen, LIU Chaoyang, YAN Ming. Properties of CrMoTi Medimum-Entropy Alloy and Its In Situ Alloying Additive Manufacturing. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(8): 1055-1064.

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Abstract

This study verifies the body-centered cubic (bcc) formability of CrMoTi medium-entropy alloy (MEA) as a potential mold material via theoretical calculations based on the concepts of multiprincipal element alloys and practical experiments employing arc melting and additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. The hardness and thermal properties of arc-melted CrMoTi MEA were tested at room and elevated temperatures. At room temperature, the alloy possesses a hardness of 520.6 HV_0.3, thermal capacity of 371 J/(kg·K), and heat conductivity of 14.0 W/(m·K). Its hardness drops to 356.0 HV_0.3 at 600^oC, and its thermal capacity and heat conductivity increase to 446 J/(kg·K) and 28.4 W/(m·K), respectively, at 709^oC, exhibiting the characteristic of semimetals. AM techniques are efficient for fabricating highly customized molds and have been widely used. Moreover, in situ alloying can further improve the compositional flexibility in the AM process. The in situ alloying printability of two AM techniques, i.e., direct laser deposition (DLD) and selective laser melting (SLM), was investigated using a blend of elemental powders. The best densification within the AM approaches (7.46 g/cm³) is achieved using DLD, and the microhardness of DLDed samples reaches 634.6 HV_0.3. Conversely, the printability of SLM is relatively restricted. The optimal density and microhardness of the SLMed sample are 7.27 g/cm³ and 605.9 HV_0.3, respectively, which are lower than those of the DLDed samples. In the DLDed samples, the large melt pool can homogenize most elements but with a Cr burning loss. Mo melts insufficiently during the SLM process and remains a partially melted powder in as-built samples. Moreover, cracking is already inevitable in SLMed samples, indicating that homogenization can hardly be improved by applying excessive energy input. As a brittle bcc alloy, its matrix tends to fail under the thermal stress of the heat accumulation in the AM process. Furthermore, the phase transformation in a small melt pool also intrinsically harms printability for in situ alloying studies through AM. Results from this study reveal that DLD possesses advantages over SLM for the in situ alloying of brittle materials like CrMoTi MEA. Combining elements with adequate overlapping of the liquid zone could be essential for superior printability of AM in situ alloying, especially with a high ratio of introduced elements.

Key words: medium-entropy alloy additive manufacturing in situ alloying direct laser deposition selective laser melting thermal property

Received: 18 January 2021

ZTFLH:

TG144.3

Fund: Research and Development Program Project in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(2019B010943001);Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ20180504165824643);Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ-20170817111811303)

About author: YAN Ming, professor, Tel: (0755) 88018967, E-mail: yanm@sustech.edu.cn

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	Guang LIU
	Peng CHEN
	Xiyu YAO
	Pu CHEN
	Xingchen LIU
	Chaoyang LIU
	Ming YAN

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00030 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2022/V58/I8/1055

Table 1 Physical properties of Cr, Mo, and Ti elements^[13]

Table 2 Chemical compositions and size (d) distributions of the elemental powders used for additive manufacturing

Fig.1 SEM-EDS image of the blended elemental powder used for direct laser deposition (DLD)

Fig.2 XRD spectrum of the blended powder used for DLD

Fig.3 XRD spectra of CrMoTi medium-entropy alloys (MEA) fabricated by arc melting, DLD, and selective laser melting (SLM) techniques

Fig.4 EBSD image of CrMoTi MEA fabricated by arc melting

Fig.5 Vickers hardnesses of CrMoTi MEA fabricated by arc melting, tested from 25^oC to 600^oC

Fig.6 Thermal capacity (c_p ) and κ results of CrMoTi MEA tested from 28^oC to 709^oC (Data at 100, 300, and 500^oC were obtained from regression treatment)

Fig.7 Top-views (a1, b1) and side-views (a2, b2) of CrMoTi MEA fabricated by DLD (a1, a2) and SLM (b1, b2) in situ alloying

Fig.8 Cross-section SEM image of SLMed CrMoTi MEA

Fig.9 Density-laser power (ρ-P) curve of CrMoTi MEA fabricated by DLD in situ alloying

Fig.10 Density-volumetric energy density (ρ-VED) curve of CrMoTi MEA fabricated by SLM in situ alloying

Fig.11 SEM image and corresponding EDS results of samples DLD1350W (a) and SLM167J (b) (DLD1350W denotes the DLDed sample fabricated using P = 1350 W; SLM167J denotes the SLMed sample fabricated with VED = 167 J/mm³)

Table 3 Nominal concentration of CrMoTi alloy and measured concentrations of principal elements in CrMoTi MEA fabricated by arc melting and additive manufacturing techniques

Table 4 Hardnesses and thermal properties of CrMoTi MEA fabricated by arc melting

Fig.12 CT results of samples DLD1350W (a) and SLM167J (b)

Fig.13 SEM image of DLDed CrMoTi MEA (a) and EDS line scanning result of the dendrite structure (b)

Fig.14 EBSD image of CrMoTi MEA fabricated by DLD (SD—scanning direction, BD—building direction along z-axis)

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