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金属学报  2026, Vol. 62 Issue (7): 1163-1174    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00409
  综述 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
轨道交通用SiCp 增强铝基复合材料制动盘研究与应用进展
谭东1, 吴刘坤2, 付康习1, 夏少华1, 李冲2(), 崔雷2, 刘永长2, 昝宇宁3
1 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所股份有限公司 常州 213011
2 天津大学 材料科学与工程学院 高性能轧辊材料与复合成形全国重点实验室 天津 300350
3 中国科学院金属研究所 沈阳材料科学国家研究中心 沈阳 110016
Research and Application Progress of SiCp-Reinforced Aluminum-Based Composite Brake Discs for Rail Transit Vehicles
TAN Dong1, WU Liukun2, FU Kangxi1, XIA Shaohua1, LI Chong2(), CUI Lei2, LIU Yongchang2, ZAN Yuning3
1 CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co. Ltd., Changzhou 213011, China
2 State Key Laboratory of High Performance Roll Materials and Composite Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
3 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
引用本文:

谭东, 吴刘坤, 付康习, 夏少华, 李冲, 崔雷, 刘永长, 昝宇宁. 轨道交通用SiCp 增强铝基复合材料制动盘研究与应用进展[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(7): 1163-1174.
Dong TAN, Liukun WU, Kangxi FU, Shaohua XIA, Chong LI, Lei CUI, Yongchang LIU, Yuning ZAN. Research and Application Progress of SiCp-Reinforced Aluminum-Based Composite Brake Discs for Rail Transit Vehicles[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(7): 1163-1174.

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摘要: 

在“双碳”目标的推动下，轨道交通装备轻量化已成为行业发展的重要趋势。其中，制动盘作为制动系统的关键部件，其轻量化需求尤为突出。SiCp增强铝基复合材料凭借低密度、高热导率和优异的耐磨损性能，成为替代传统铸铁制动盘的理想选择。近年来，SiCp增强铝基复合材料制动盘已逐步在运行速度达120 km/h的城市轨道交通中实现批量化应用。然而，由于SiCp增强铝基复合材料在高温稳定性方面仍存在技术瓶颈，在运行速度140 km/h及以上市域铁路上尚未取得应用突破。围绕上述问题，本文系统介绍了轨道交通领域SiCp增强铝基复合材料制动盘的研究进展与工程应用现状，重点分析了其制备技术、核心性能、应用效果及评价标准，并探讨了未来研究发展方向。
关键词 ： 铝基复合材料,  制动盘,  轨道交通,  轻量化    
Abstract：

Driven by the “dual-carbon” strategy, the lightweighting of rail transit equipment has become a dominant industry trend. Among the key components, the brake disc—critical to the braking system—faces particularly stringent weight-reduction requirements. SiCp-reinforced aluminum-based composites (SiCp/Al), known for their low density, high thermal conductivity, and superior wear resistance, are now regarded as the prime candidate to replace conventional cast-iron discs. In recent years, SiCp/Al brake discs have been implemented in urban rail transit vehicles operating at 120 km/h. However, their high-temperature stability remains a technical challenge, and no breakthroughs have been achieved for operation on suburban railways at speed ≥ 140 km/h. This study systematically reviews the research progress and engineering applications of SiCp/Al brake discs in rail transit, focusing on its fabrication methods, core performance, in-service behavior, and evaluation standards. Future development directions are discussed to guide technological innovation and the industrial deployment of advanced rail transit equipment.
Key words： aluminum-based composites    brake disc    rail transit    lightweighting
收稿日期: 2025-12-16     
ZTFLH:  TG146.2  
基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3710602);国家自然科学基金项目(U24A2026)
通讯作者: 李 冲，lichongme@tju.edu.cn，主要从事铝基复合材料及耐高温材料研究
Corresponding author: LI Chong, professor, Tel: 13021398676, E-mail: lichongme@tju.edu.cn
作者简介: 谭 东，男，1985年生，正高级工程师，硕士
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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00409      或      https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I7/1163

图1  轨道交通轮装制动盘和轴装制动盘的实物图和安装模式图
图2  搅拌铸造设备示意图[5]、搅拌铸造铝基复合材料制动盘实物图及金相组织
图3  粉末冶金法制备铝基复合材料制动盘的工艺流程[16]
图4  搅拌摩擦成型设备及工艺示意图[18]
图5  复合成型法制备SiCp增强铝基复合材料制动盘及其金相组织
MaterialUltimate tensile strength / MPaElongation / %Hardness / HBW
Stir-cast disc[16]~170~1.7~78
Powder-metallurgy disc[16]300-3502.0-4.0110-130
Composite formed disc200-3602.0-6.080-130
表1  铝基复合材料制动盘盘体材料力学性能对比(实测平均值)
图6  全尺寸制动摩擦实验设备与关键部件图
图7  不同SiCp含量制动盘摩擦磨损机制示意图[22]
图8  热疲劳裂纹微观生长过程模型[35]
Brake disc typeEnergy consumption per brakingEnergy consumption per round tripDaily energy consumptionAnnual energy consumptionEnergy saved annually
Cast-iron1.012020278867-
Aluminum alloy0.388762946749400
表2  列车制动盘牵引能耗计算[39] (kW·h)
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