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金属学报  2026, Vol. 62 Issue (7): 1163-1174    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00409
  综述 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
轨道交通用SiCp 增强铝基复合材料制动盘研究与应用进展
谭东1, 吴刘坤2, 付康习1, 夏少华1, 李冲2(), 崔雷2, 刘永长2, 昝宇宁3
1 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所股份有限公司 常州 213011
2 天津大学 材料科学与工程学院 高性能轧辊材料与复合成形全国重点实验室 天津 300350
3 中国科学院金属研究所 沈阳材料科学国家研究中心 沈阳 110016
Research and Application Progress of SiCp-Reinforced Aluminum-Based Composite Brake Discs for Rail Transit Vehicles
TAN Dong1, WU Liukun2, FU Kangxi1, XIA Shaohua1, LI Chong2(), CUI Lei2, LIU Yongchang2, ZAN Yuning3
1 CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co. Ltd., Changzhou 213011, China
2 State Key Laboratory of High Performance Roll Materials and Composite Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
3 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
引用本文:

谭东, 吴刘坤, 付康习, 夏少华, 李冲, 崔雷, 刘永长, 昝宇宁. 轨道交通用SiCp 增强铝基复合材料制动盘研究与应用进展[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(7): 1163-1174.
Dong TAN, Liukun WU, Kangxi FU, Shaohua XIA, Chong LI, Lei CUI, Yongchang LIU, Yuning ZAN. Research and Application Progress of SiCp-Reinforced Aluminum-Based Composite Brake Discs for Rail Transit Vehicles[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(7): 1163-1174.

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摘要: 

在“双碳”目标的推动下，轨道交通装备轻量化已成为行业发展的重要趋势。其中，制动盘作为制动系统的关键部件，其轻量化需求尤为突出。SiCp增强铝基复合材料凭借低密度、高热导率和优异的耐磨损性能，成为替代传统铸铁制动盘的理想选择。近年来，SiCp增强铝基复合材料制动盘已逐步在运行速度达120 km/h的城市轨道交通中实现批量化应用。然而，由于SiCp增强铝基复合材料在高温稳定性方面仍存在技术瓶颈，在运行速度140 km/h及以上市域铁路上尚未取得应用突破。围绕上述问题，本文系统介绍了轨道交通领域SiCp增强铝基复合材料制动盘的研究进展与工程应用现状，重点分析了其制备技术、核心性能、应用效果及评价标准，并探讨了未来研究发展方向。
关键词 ： 铝基复合材料,  制动盘,  轨道交通,  轻量化    
Abstract：

Driven by the “dual-carbon” strategy, the lightweighting of rail transit equipment has become a dominant industry trend. Among the key components, the brake disc—critical to the braking system—faces particularly stringent weight-reduction requirements. SiCp-reinforced aluminum-based composites (SiCp/Al), known for their low density, high thermal conductivity, and superior wear resistance, are now regarded as the prime candidate to replace conventional cast-iron discs. In recent years, SiCp/Al brake discs have been implemented in urban rail transit vehicles operating at 120 km/h. However, their high-temperature stability remains a technical challenge, and no breakthroughs have been achieved for operation on suburban railways at speed ≥ 140 km/h. This study systematically reviews the research progress and engineering applications of SiCp/Al brake discs in rail transit, focusing on its fabrication methods, core performance, in-service behavior, and evaluation standards. Future development directions are discussed to guide technological innovation and the industrial deployment of advanced rail transit equipment.
Key words： aluminum-based composites    brake disc    rail transit    lightweighting
收稿日期: 2025-12-16     
ZTFLH:  TG146.2  
基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3710602);国家自然科学基金项目(U24A2026)
通讯作者: 李 冲，lichongme@tju.edu.cn，主要从事铝基复合材料及耐高温材料研究
Corresponding author: LI Chong, professor, Tel: 13021398676, E-mail: lichongme@tju.edu.cn
作者简介: 谭 东，男，1985年生，正高级工程师，硕士
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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00409      或      https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I7/1163

图1  轨道交通轮装制动盘和轴装制动盘的实物图和安装模式图
图2  搅拌铸造设备示意图[5]、搅拌铸造铝基复合材料制动盘实物图及金相组织
图3  粉末冶金法制备铝基复合材料制动盘的工艺流程[16]
图4  搅拌摩擦成型设备及工艺示意图[18]
图5  复合成型法制备SiCp增强铝基复合材料制动盘及其金相组织
MaterialUltimate tensile strength / MPaElongation / %Hardness / HBW
Stir-cast disc[16]~170~1.7~78
Powder-metallurgy disc[16]300-3502.0-4.0110-130
Composite formed disc200-3602.0-6.080-130
表1  铝基复合材料制动盘盘体材料力学性能对比(实测平均值)
图6  全尺寸制动摩擦实验设备与关键部件图
图7  不同SiCp含量制动盘摩擦磨损机制示意图[22]
图8  热疲劳裂纹微观生长过程模型[35](a) initial (b) crack initiation (c) crack broadening(d) crack went through the matrix (e) sub crack at the front of main crack(f) sub crack on the side of main crack
Brake disc typeEnergy consumption per brakingEnergy consumption per round tripDaily energy consumptionAnnual energy consumptionEnergy saved annually
Cast-iron1.012020278867-
Aluminum alloy0.388762946749400
表2  列车制动盘牵引能耗计算[39] (kW·h)
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