CaF2-TiO2 焊剂作用下EH36船板钢气电立焊焊缝金属组织优化及力学性能调控

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00028

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (7): 998-1010 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00028

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

CaF₂-TiO₂ 焊剂作用下EH36船板钢气电立焊焊缝金属组织优化及力学性能调控

谢旭¹^,², 万一博¹, 钟明¹, 邹晓东³, 王聪¹(

)

1 东北大学冶金学院沈阳 110819
2 华北水利水电大学材料学院郑州 450045
3 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所广州 510650

Optimizing Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Electro-Gas Welded Metals for EH36 Shipbuilding Steel Treated by CaF₂-TiO₂ Fluxes

XIE Xu¹^,², WAN Yibo¹, ZHONG Ming¹, ZOU Xiaodong³, WANG Cong¹(

)

1 School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
3 China-Ukraine Institute of Welding, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China

引用本文:

谢旭, 万一博, 钟明, 邹晓东, 王聪. CaF₂-TiO₂ 焊剂作用下EH36船板钢气电立焊焊缝金属组织优化及力学性能调控[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(7): 998-1010.
Xu XIE, Yibo WAN, Ming ZHONG, Xiaodong ZOU, Cong WANG. Optimizing Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Electro-Gas Welded Metals for EH36 Shipbuilding Steel Treated by CaF₂-TiO₂ Fluxes[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(7): 998-1010.

全文: PDF(3732 KB) HTML

摘要:

针对大线能量气电立焊过程中因复杂冶金反应所引起的焊缝金属成分、组织及性能难以量化和调控的问题，本工作设计了5种不同TiO₂含量的CaF₂-TiO₂熔炼焊剂应用于匹配药芯焊丝中，并对30 mm厚EH36船板钢进行气电立焊对接实验，重点研究了TiO₂含量对焊缝金属成分、组织、夹杂物和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明，随着焊剂中TiO₂含量增加，焊缝金属的硬度降低，冲击韧性提高。高温电弧作用使得更多的TiO₂分解进入熔池，从而显著增加熔池中O和Ti含量；同时，更多的Si和Mn元素通过熔渣-熔池界面流失进入熔渣中。焊缝金属中合金元素含量减少使得对应的连续冷却转变曲线向左上方移动，引起铁素体相变温度区间从755~578 ℃提升到780~595 ℃；同时，O和Ti含量增加使得促进针状铁素体形核的夹杂物的数量密度从4289 mm^-2增加到5327 mm^-2。多重因素的协同效应促使焊缝金属中针状铁素体的体积分数从9.3%增加到62.1%。焊缝金属组织形貌由平行状板条贝氏体向交织状针状铁素体转变，晶粒尺寸从(53 ± 14) μm细化到(10 ± 5) μm，大角度晶界的体积分数从41.8%提升到59.2%，有利于焊缝金属冲击韧性的改善。

关键词 ：船板钢, 大线能量焊接, 焊缝金属, 微观组织, CaF₂-TiO₂焊剂

Abstract：

In the shipbuilding industry and coastal engineering, thick EH36 steel plates used in vertical construction generally require joining by high heat input electro-gas welding with matching flux-cored wire to enhance production efficiency and reduce construction time. However, high heat input welding can result in high peak temperatures and slow cooling rates, leading to coarse and deteriorated microstructures in the weld metal, thereby compromising the mechanical properties of the welded joint. Given the challenge of quantifying and controlling the composition, microstructure, and properties of weld metal due to complex metallurgical reactions during high heat input electro-gas welding, five CaF₂-TiO₂ fluxes were designed, prepared, and incorporated into flux-cored wires to join EH36 shipbuilding steels with a thickness of 30 mm. The effect of TiO₂ content on the composition, microstructure, inclusions, and properties of the weld metals was systematically studied. The results indicate that as the TiO₂ content in the fluxes increases, the hardness of the weld metal decreases, while impact toughness improves. During welding, the high-temperature arc causes greater decomposition of TiO₂, leading to increased O and Ti contents in the molten pool. Simultaneously, more Si and Mn are lost into the slag through the slag-metal interface. The reduction in alloying element content shifts the continuous cooling transformation curve toward the upper left, expanding the temperature range of the ferrite phase transformation from 755-578 ^oC to 780-595 ^oC. Increasing the O and Ti contents in the weld metals raises the number density of inclusions from 4289 mm^-2 to 5327 mm^-2. The synergistic effect of multiple factors promotes an increase in the volume fraction of acicular ferrite from 9.3% to 62.1%. The morphology of key microstructures in the weld metals transitions from parallel lath bainite to interwoven acicular ferrite, refining the grain size from (53 ± 14) μm to (10 ± 5) μm and increasing the volume fraction of high-angle grain boundaries from 41.8% to 59.2%, further enhancing the impact toughness of the weld metals.

Key words： shipbuilding steel high heat input welding weld metal microstructure CaF₂-TiO₂ flux

收稿日期: 2025-01-21

ZTFLH:

TG111.5

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(W2411047);国家自然科学基金项目(52350610266);国家自然科学基金项目(52474351);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3709900);辽宁省科技创新重大专项项目(2023JH1/11200012);河南省科技攻关项目(242102231030);广东省海洋经济发展专项项目(GDNRC[2024]24);武汉科技大学钢铁冶金及资源利用省部共建教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(FMRUlab25-04)

通讯作者: 王聪，wangc@smm.neu.edu.cn，主要从事焊接冶金研究

作者简介: 谢旭，男，1993年生，博士

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图1 CaF2-TiO2二元相图及黏度[21]

表1 CaF2-TiO2焊剂成分配比 (mass fraction / %)

表2 EH36船板钢和自制药芯焊丝的化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

表3 焊缝金属(WM)的实测化学成分(MA) (mass fraction / %)

表4 WM中母材稀释率(d)、典型元素的名义成分(MN)和过渡交换量的变化值(ΔM)

图2 WM中典型夹杂物形貌的SEM像以及相应的EDS元素分析结果

图3 不同WM中夹杂物内Ti、Si和Mn元素的归一化原子百分比

图4 不同WM中不同尺寸夹杂物的数量密度

图5 不同WM的SEM像和夹杂物数量密度及针状铁素体体积分数的变化

表5 不同WM中微观组织的平均晶粒尺寸 (μm)

图6 不同WM的EBSD分析

图7 焊剂中TiO2含量对WM的Vickers硬度和Charpy冲击韧性的影响

图8 不同WM断口形貌的SEM像

WM number	α $T i O 2$ (mole fraction)	ΔG / (J·mol^-1)
WM1	0.102	-347767
WM2	0.121	-350996
WM3	0.137	-353342
WM4	0.167	-357084
WM5	0.198	-360302

表6 熔渣中TiO2的活度(αTiO2)和相应的Gibbs自由能变化(ΔG)

图9 不同WM中典型相的体积分数与TiO2含量的关系

图10 TiO2含量诱导WM的连续冷却转变(CCT)图变化

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