镁合金的多系滑移与塑性调控

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00358

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (3): 361-371 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00358

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镁合金的多系滑移与塑性调控

曾小勤¹^,²(

), 于铭迪¹^,², 王静雅¹^,²

1 上海交通大学轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心上海 200240
2 上海交通大学金属基复合材料国家重点实验室上海 200240

Multi-Slips and Ductility Regulation of Magnesium Alloys

ZENG Xiaoqin¹^,²(

), YU Mingdi¹^,², WANG Jingya¹^,²

1 National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

曾小勤, 于铭迪, 王静雅. 镁合金的多系滑移与塑性调控[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(3): 361-371.
Xiaoqin ZENG, Mingdi YU, Jingya WANG. Multi-Slips and Ductility Regulation of Magnesium Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(3): 361-371.

全文: PDF(2064 KB) HTML

摘要:

镁合金绝对强度低的瓶颈问题现已取得重大突破，但是其塑性仍旧偏低，可加工性和成形性欠佳，且强塑性匹配不足，导致镁合金构件在应用过程中存在诸多限制。本文从Mg的晶体结构特性及塑性变形机制出发，深入阐述了镁合金塑韧化的思路，指出了“多系滑移增塑”的调控方向：(1) 内在通过调整合金成分及温度，降低Mg的非基面与基面滑移系临界剪切应力比值，激发多系滑移，缓解塑性变形的各向异性；(2) 外在通过调控晶粒尺寸或引入可变形第二相，激活Mg基体位错滑移之外的塑性变形新机制，进一步实现镁合金塑性应变的高效协调。这为镁合金塑性、可加工性及成形性的提升提供了新思路，助力镁合金在高强塑性匹配方面发挥巨大潜能。

关键词 ：镁合金, 塑性变形, 强韧性, 位错, 多系滑移

Abstract：

Despite recent advancements in enhancing their absolute strength, magnesium alloys continue to face significant challenges due to their limited ductility and formability. This strength-ductility trade-off restricts the use of magnesium components in processing applications. This work explores the potential of improving the ductility of magnesium alloys by focusing on their crystal properties and plastic deformation mechanisms. The concept of multi-slips promoting ductility is proposed as a solution. By tailoring solute atoms and regulating the critical resolved shear stress ratios of basal and nonbasal slip systems through temperature adjustments, additional slip systems can be activated, thereby reducing plastic deformation anisotropy. External modifications, such as refining grain size or introducing deformable phases, can activate new plastic deformation mechanisms beyond dislocation slip. These adjustments offer methods to accommodate the plastic strain of magnesium alloys, presenting new perspectives for enhancing magnesium ductility and formability.

Key words： magnesium alloy plastic deformation strength and ductility dislocation multi-slip

收稿日期: 2024-10-29

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52425101);国家自然科学基金项目(52471012)

通讯作者: 曾小勤，xqzeng@sjtu.edu.cn，主要从事轻合金强韧化、耐蚀镁合金及材料智能设计等研究

Corresponding author: ZENG Xiaoqin, professor, Tel: (021)54740838, E-mail: xqzeng@sjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 曾小勤，男，1974年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00358 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V61/I3/361

图1 Mg单晶内的滑移及孪晶变形机制示意图

图2 Mg的基面滑移、扩散柱面滑移和波浪柱面滑移的变形晶粒有效剪切应变及应变协调能力[18]

图3 基于微柱压缩方法测定的Mg-Zn-Ca合金沿a轴压缩的应力-应变曲线；从前、后视角分析微柱表面滑移迹线的SEM像及晶体学取向示意图[45]

图4 多晶纯Mg及镁合金的微米级晶粒尺寸与室温拉伸断裂延伸率的对比统计图[23]

图5 Mg-6Al-1Ca合金的变形机制示意图[56]

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