非平衡界面动力学理论

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00306

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (1): 29-42 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00306

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

非平衡界面动力学理论

王海丰(

), 蒲振新, 张建宝

西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室先进润滑与密封材料研究中心西安 710072

Non-Equilibrium Interface Dynamics Theory

WANG Haifeng(

), PU Zhenxin, ZHANG Jianbao

Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

引用本文:

王海丰, 蒲振新, 张建宝. 非平衡界面动力学理论[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(1): 29-42.
Haifeng WANG, Zhenxin PU, Jianbao ZHANG. Non-Equilibrium Interface Dynamics Theory[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(1): 29-42.

全文: PDF(2033 KB) HTML

摘要:

界面是材料加工过程中组织控制的关键所在，故对其动力学过程的准确理论描述非常重要。本文从熔化过程中液/固界面、凝固过程中固/液界面和固态相变过程中固/固界面的共性之处出发，对基于尖锐界面的非平衡界面动力学发展历史和现状进行了总结与分析。以二元合金凝固为例，本文首先介绍了局域非平衡条件下的界面动力学理论，包括界面动力学过程、稳态界面动力学理论和非稳态界面动力学理论。分析了一步跨界面溶质扩散和两步跨界面溶质扩散的物理本质。其次，介绍了完全非平衡条件下的界面动力学理论。对比分析了动力学能量方法和有效移动性方法在引入体积相非平衡扩散效应方面的应用情况。随后，简要介绍了部分溶质拖曳界面动力学理论。分析了当前引入部分溶质拖曳效应方法的不足。本文有望深化人们对非平衡界面动力学的认识与理解，同时为相关领域组织调控提供借鉴。最后，本文也对后续非平衡界面动力学理论的发展进行了展望。

关键词 ：界面动力学, 非平衡界面, 非平衡溶质扩散, 溶质拖曳效应

Abstract：

Recently, the rapid advancement of extreme non-equilibrium material processing and fabrication techniques, such as 3D printing and rapid die-casting, has led to the continuous development of new materials with exceptional properties. However, current non-equilibrium processing technologies face technical challenges, such as the lack of clear guidelines for process optimization, which considerably limits the advancement and application of advanced materials. The solidification and solid phase transformations involved in materials prepared through non-equilibrium processing pertain to a non-equilibrium dissipative system and manifest throughout the entire dynamic process of material fabrication. By investigating key scientific issues such as non-equilibrium phase transformation dynamics, non-equilibrium solute diffusion, and solute-drag effects, developing a theoretical framework for the entire non-equilibrium material processing, from solidification to solid phase transformation is possible. This not only provides theoretical support for the design and fabrication of non-equilibrium materials but also introduces novel concepts for optimizing process parameters in non-equilibrium processing technologies. This review is crucial for advancing non-equilibrium phase transformation theory and deepening our understanding of fundamental theoretical research. Interfaces play a critical role in microstructure control during material processing, thereby making an accurate theoretical description of their kinetics is especially important. This review focuses on the common characteristics of liquid/solid interfaces during melting, solid/liquid interfaces during solidification, and solid/solid interfaces during solid state phase transformations and summarizes and analyzes the history and current state of sharp-interface models for interface kinetics. Using the solidification of binary alloys as an example, the review first introduces interface kinetic theories under local non-equilibrium conditions, covering descriptions of interface kinetic processes and interface kinetic models for steady-state and non-steady-state conditions. The physical nature of one-step and two-step trans-interface diffusion is demonstrated. Next, the review describes interface kinetic theories under full non-equilibrium conditions by comparing the applications of the kinetic energy method and the effective mobility method for non-equilibrium solute diffusion in bulk phases. Thereafter, it introduces interface kinetic theories incorporating the partial solute drag effect present and discusses limitations in current methods for addressing partial solute drag. This study aims to enhance understanding of interface kinetics, offering insights into microstructure control. Finally, an outlook on the future of non-equilibrium interface kinetic theories is provided, which outlines directions for future research.

Key words： interface kinetics non-equilibrium interface non-equilibrium solute diffusion solute-drag effect

收稿日期: 2024-09-03

ZTFLH:

TG111

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51975474);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(3102019JC001)

通讯作者: 王海丰，haifengw81@nwpu.edu.cn，主要从事亚稳金属材料相变理论及金属材料开发应用研究

Corresponding author: WANG Haifeng, professor, Tel: (029)88460311, E-mail: haifengw81@nwpu.edu.cn

作者简介: 王海丰，男，1981年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00306 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V61/I1/29

图1 不同相变类型中的界面动力学过程示意图

图2 液相直接凝固出目标固相成分的固/液界面动力学过程示意图

图3 稳态固/液界面动力学过程的摩尔Gibbs自由能示意图

图4 非稳态固/液界面动力学过程的摩尔Gibbs自由能示意

图5 跨界面溶质扩散示意图

图6 非稳态部分拖曳固/液界面动力学过程的摩尔Gibbs自由能示意图

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