锂离子电池用微米厚度超薄集流体<strong>Cu</strong>箔和<strong>Al</strong>箔疲劳强度及损伤行为

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00523

金属学报

2024, Vol. 60

Issue (4): 522-536 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00523

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

锂离子电池用微米厚度超薄集流体Cu箔和Al箔疲劳强度及损伤行为

程福来¹^,², 罗雪梅¹(

), 胡炳利¹^,², 张滨³, 张广平¹(

)

1 中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016
2 中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016
3 东北大学材料科学与工程学院材料各向异性与织构教育部重点实验室沈阳 110819

Fatigue Strength and Damage Behavior of Micron-Thick Ultrathin Current Collector Cu Foil and Al Foil for Lithium-Ion Battery

CHENG Fulai¹^,², LUO Xuemei¹(

), HU Bingli¹^,², ZHANG Bin³, ZHANG Guangping¹(

)

1 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
3 Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

引用本文:

程福来, 罗雪梅, 胡炳利, 张滨, 张广平. 锂离子电池用微米厚度超薄集流体Cu箔和Al箔疲劳强度及损伤行为[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(4): 522-536.
Fulai CHENG, Xuemei LUO, Bingli HU, Bin ZHANG, Guangping ZHANG. Fatigue Strength and Damage Behavior of Micron-Thick Ultrathin Current Collector Cu Foil and Al Foil for Lithium-Ion Battery[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(4): 522-536.

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摘要:

随着高性能、高能量密度锂离子电池的飞速发展，锂离子电池用集流体金属箔轻薄化已成为行业技术升级的一个重要方向，随着集流体厚度的减小，其疲劳失效问题变得日益突出。本工作通过拉-拉疲劳实验和EBSD技术研究了循环载荷作用下锂离子电池用集流体Cu箔和Al箔的高周疲劳强度及失效行为。结果表明，Cu箔疲劳裂纹主要萌生于较大晶粒内部的滑移带处，并沿滑移带扩展。基于对损伤晶粒微观结构的观察和统计分析，获得了Cu箔疲劳裂纹萌生和材料微观结构(晶粒尺寸及其变异系数、晶粒取向、Schmid因子(Ω))的统计关系图。Al箔由于表面含有轧制缺陷，其疲劳裂纹优先在表面加工缺陷处萌生。通过极值统计法成功预测了Al箔样品中可能的缺陷分布以及存在的最大缺陷尺寸，并基于Kitagawa-Takahashi图建立了缺陷尺寸与疲劳极限之间的关系。

关键词 ：高周疲劳, 裂纹萌生, 超薄箔, Kitagawa-Takahashi图, 集流体, 锂离子电池

Abstract：

With the rapid development of high-performance and high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries, lightweight current collector metal foils for lithium-ion batteries have become a crucial direction of industrial technological advancements. As the thickness of the current collector decreases, the fatigue failure problem becomes increasingly prominent. Once the fatigue failure of the current collector occurs, it will have a catastrophic impact on the electrochemical and safety performances of lithium-ion batteries. Here, to further clarify the fatigue damage mechanism of current collector foils, the high cycle fatigue strength and fatigue failure behavior of current collector Cu and Al foils for lithium-ion batteries under cyclic loading were experimentally investigated using tensile-tensile fatigue test and the EBSD technique. Results show that the fatigue cracks of the Cu foils mainly originate from the slip bands with larger grain sizes and propagate along the slip bands. Based on the microstructure observation and analysis of damaged grains, a statistical relationship between fatigue crack initiation and microstructure (grain size and its coefficient of variation, grain orientation, and Schmid factor (Ω)) of the Cu foils was obtained. Due to the presence of rolled defects on the surface of Al foils, the fatigue cracks are preferentially initiated at the surface defects. Extreme value statistics accurately predicted the possible defect population and the largest defect size in the Al foils, and the relationship between the defect size and fatigue limit was established using the Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram.

Key words： high cycle fatigue crack initiation ultrathin foil Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram current collector lithium-ion battery

收稿日期: 2022-10-14

ZTFLH:

TG146

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52071319)

通讯作者: 张广平，gpzhang@imr.ac.cn，主要从事金属材料疲劳与断裂研究;
罗雪梅，xmluo@imr.ac.cn，主要从事金属材料疲劳与断裂研究

Corresponding author: ZHANG Guangping, professor, Tel:(024)23971938, E-mail: gpzhang@imr.ac.cn;
LUO Xuemei, associate professor, Tel:(024)83978029, E-mail: xmluo@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 程福来，男，1997年生，博士生

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图1 6和8 μm厚度Cu箔表面SEM像、微观结构TEM像及晶粒尺寸分布图

图2 不同厚度Cu箔的工程应力-应变曲线以及应力幅-疲劳寿命曲线

图3 8 μm厚Cu箔高周疲劳试样在应力幅92 MPa、总寿命为4 × 106 cyc下的损伤萌生位点微观结构以及损伤特征

Slip

system

(

1 ¯

11)

(111)

(11

1 ¯

)

(

1 ¯

1 ¯

)

[01 1 ¯]

[1 ¯ 0 1 ¯]

[110]

[01 1 ¯]

[

1 ¯ 01

]

[

1 ¯ 10

]

[011]

[

1 ¯ 0 1 ¯

]

[

1 ¯ 10

]

[110]

[

1 ¯ 01

]

[011]

Parent

0.497

0.20

0.30

0.22

0.06

0.28

0.23

0.11

0.34

0.32

0.16

0.48

Twin

0.19

0.04

0.15

0.35

0.15

0.20

0.30

0.15

0.45

0.497

0.26

0.24

表1 根据图3b中基体和孪晶的12个滑移系计算的Schmid因子(Ω)

图4 10和13 μm厚度Al箔表面SEM像、微观结构TEM像及晶粒尺寸分布图

图5 不同厚度Al箔的工程应力-应变曲线以及应力幅-疲劳寿命曲线

图6 Al箔表面三维形貌图、表面缺陷示意图以及不同厚度Al箔缺陷尺寸和缺陷参数(area)分布

图7 13 μm厚Al箔高周疲劳试样在应力幅64 MPa、总寿命为1.4 × 106 cyc的表面损伤形貌SEM像、裂纹的高倍SEM像以及裂纹附近的EBSD像

图8 有利于Cu箔疲劳裂纹萌生的晶粒特点

图9 损伤晶粒及周围晶粒不均匀性示意图以及有利于裂纹萌生的晶粒不均匀性特点

图10 极值统计法预测最大缺陷尺寸

图11 不同厚度Al箔的Kitagawa-Takahashi图

Thickness

Predicted

Experimental

μm

G( $a r e a$ )

a r e a m a x

μm

σ_w

MPa

σ_w

MPa

Deviation

6.13

+4.1

5.13

-1.9

表2 10和13 μm厚Al箔的疲劳极限预测值与实验值

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