脉冲电流辅助等离子弧焊<strong>Al-Mg</strong>合金晶粒细化机理

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00036

金属学报

2024, Vol. 60

Issue (3): 323-332 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00036

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

脉冲电流辅助等离子弧焊Al-Mg合金晶粒细化机理

袁涛, 赵晓虎, 蒋晓青(

), 任学磊, 李博阳

北京工业大学汽车结构部件先进制造技术教育部工程研究中心北京 100124

Mechanism of Grain Refinement of Pulse Current Assisted Plasma Arc Welded Al-Mg Alloy

YUAN Tao, ZHAO Xiaohu, JIANG Xiaoqing(

), REN Xuelei, LI Boyang

Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Components, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

引用本文:

袁涛, 赵晓虎, 蒋晓青, 任学磊, 李博阳. 脉冲电流辅助等离子弧焊Al-Mg合金晶粒细化机理[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(3): 323-332.
Tao YUAN, Xiaohu ZHAO, Xiaoqing JIANG, Xuelei REN, Boyang LI. Mechanism of Grain Refinement of Pulse Current Assisted Plasma Arc Welded Al-Mg Alloy[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(3): 323-332.

全文: PDF(4118 KB) HTML

摘要:

在焊接热处理过程中，通过施加电流脉冲对熔池附加的振动效果可以有效改善焊缝成形差、晶粒粗大等问题。本工作通过对常规焊缝、传统脉冲电流焊缝以及复合脉冲电流焊缝的晶粒尺寸分析，探讨了脉冲电流对Al-Mg合金组织细化的影响及晶粒细化的机制。对于传统脉冲电流，当频率由0 Hz升高到100 Hz时，平均晶粒尺寸由78.2 μm降至53.3 μm，细化程度提高约30%。在传统脉冲电流波形上复合了低频脉冲电流后，晶粒尺寸最小可达到48.2 μm，细化效果达到近40%。对各焊缝区显微组织的EBSD结果表明，施加脉冲电流后小尺寸晶粒分布明显增加，且大角度晶界占比明显增加。热力学以及EDS分析结果表明晶粒细化的主要机制为枝晶破碎。

关键词 ：等离子弧焊, Al-Mg合金, 复合脉冲电流, 晶粒细化, 枝晶破碎

Abstract：

During welding, the vibration effect of applying a pulse current on the molten pool can effectively improve weld formation and refine grains. The effect of pulse current on grain refinement and its mechanism were studied for Al-Mg alloy welds fabricated by conventional plasma welding (PAW), PAW with conventional pulse current, and PAW with composite pulse current. The grain size produced by conventional PAW was 78.2 μm, whereas the average grain size was reduced from 78.2 μm to 53.3 μm with increasing conventional pulse current frequency from 0 Hz to 100 Hz; in addition, the degree of grain refinement increased by about 30%. However, the minimum grain size was 48.2 μm, and the grain refinement effect can reach nearly 40% by combining low-frequency pulse current with conventional pulse current. The proportion of small grains and high-angle grain boundaries increased significantly after applying the composite pulse current. The additional oscillation effect of the composite pulse current can effectively eliminate coarse grains during the solidification of the weld pool. The main mechanism of grain refinement is dendrite fragmentation, which is discussed through thermodynamics and composition.

Key words： PAW Al-Mg alloy composite pulse current grain refinement dendrite fragmentation

收稿日期: 2022-01-25

ZTFLH:

TG47

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51704013);北京市教委基金项目(KM201810005016);北京工业大学科技基金项目(ykj-2018-00325)

通讯作者: 蒋晓青，xqj225@hotmail.com，主要从事焊接冶金、搅拌摩擦焊等方面的研究

Corresponding author: JIANG Xiaoqing, Tel: 13240290506, E-mail: xqj225@hotmail.com

作者简介: 袁涛，男，1987年生，副教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00036 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V60/I3/323

图1 实验焊接设备及常规脉冲电流和复合脉冲电流的电流波形

表1 等离子传统脉冲电流方法的晶粒细化效果探究实验设计

表2 等离子复合脉冲电流方法的晶粒细化效果探究实验设计

图2 传统脉冲电流等离子弧焊焊缝上表面偏光图

图3 传统脉冲电流下焊缝晶粒尺寸变化

图4 传统脉冲电流等离子弧焊焊缝横截面偏光图

图5 复合脉冲电流等离子弧焊焊缝上表面偏光图

图6 复合脉冲电流下晶粒尺寸变化

图7 晶粒取向、晶粒尺寸分布及晶界角分布图

图8 不同类型脉冲电流对焊缝晶粒尺寸和大角度晶界占比的影响

图9 C0、S4和D4样品的极图

图10 温度梯度和生长速率对凝固组织形貌的影响

图11 焊缝EDS分析结果

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