高温合金涡轮叶片定向凝固过程数值模拟研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00126

金属学报

2019, Vol. 55

Issue (9): 1175-1184 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00126

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高温合金涡轮叶片定向凝固过程数值模拟研究进展

许庆彦(

),杨聪,闫学伟,柳百成

清华大学材料学院先进成形制造教育部重点实验室北京 100084
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
清华大学材料学院先进成形制造教育部重点实验室北京 100084
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
清华大学材料学院先进成形制造教育部重点实验室北京 100084
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
清华大学材料学院先进成形制造教育部重点实验室北京 100084
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Development of Numerical Simulation in Nickel-Based Superalloy Turbine Blade Directional Solidification

XU Qingyan(

),YANG Cong,YAN Xuewei,LIU Baicheng

引用本文:

许庆彦,杨聪,闫学伟,柳百成. 高温合金涡轮叶片定向凝固过程数值模拟研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(9): 1175-1184.
Qingyan XU, Cong YANG, Xuewei YAN, Baicheng LIU. Development of Numerical Simulation in Nickel-Based Superalloy Turbine Blade Directional Solidification[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(9): 1175-1184.

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摘要:

高温合金涡轮叶片被广泛应用于航空发动机与燃气轮机，数值模拟技术能优化和改进涡轮叶片定向凝固工艺，提高成品率。本文总结了国内外高温合金涡轮叶片定向凝固过程宏、微观数值模拟模型，介绍了其发展趋势。对高速凝固(HRS)和液态金属冷却(LMC) 2种工艺下高温合金叶片宏观温度场、介观晶粒组织与微观枝晶组织做了模拟仿真，对比分析了2种定向凝固工艺下的传热过程和微观组织演化规律。介绍了变抽拉速率工艺在高温合金定向凝固中的应用，以实际叶片作为算例，对比了常抽拉速率与优化的变抽拉速率对涡轮叶片温度场、晶粒组织的影响。结果表明，优化的变抽拉速率工艺能够改变上凸或者下凹的糊状区形状，得到平直的糊状区与平行的晶粒组织，有利于提升叶片高温力学性能。

关键词 ：高温合金, 数值模拟, 定向凝固, 涡轮叶片

Abstract：

Ni-based superalloy turbine blades have been widely used in aerospace and industrial engine. Numerical simulation techniques can optimize the superalloy directional solidification process and enhance the rate of finished products. This paper summarized the existing macroscopic and microscopic numerical models in the superalloy blade directional solidification process. Simulations have been done on the temperature field evolution, grain structure and dendrite morphology in typical HRS and LMC directional solidification conditions, and the resulting microstructure features were investigated. In particular, the application of varying withdrawal rate in directional solidification of the superalloy blade was introduced. And the advantages of the varying withdrawal rate technique were emphasized by comparing it with the constant withdrawal rate method. The simulation results indicate that by applying varying withdrawal rate, the convex or concave shape of the mushy zone can be change to flat shape, so that parallel columnar grains can be obtained with enhanced high-temperature performance of the turbine blade.

Key words： superalloy numerical simulation directional solidification turbine blade

收稿日期: 2019-04-23

ZTFLH:

TG132

基金资助:国家科技重大专项项目(2017ZX04014001,2017-VII-0008-0101);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0701503);国家自然科学基金项目(51374137)

作者简介: 许庆彦，男，1971年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00126 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2019/V55/I9/1175

图1 高速凝固(HRS)和液态金属冷(LMC)却定向凝固炉简化结构示意图

图2 HRS与LMC定向凝固条件下单晶试板温度场模拟结果

图3 恒定拉速与变拉速条件下叶片温度场模拟结果[31]

图4 单晶高温合金凝固过程自然对流模拟与雀斑缺陷预测

图5 HRS与LMC定向凝固条件下选晶过程晶粒组织模拟结果与实验结果对比

图6 变抽拉速率定向凝固条件下，涡轮叶片温度场与晶粒组织模拟结果

图7 定向凝固过程枝晶竞争生长过程相场模拟结果

图8 HRS和LMC定向凝固工艺下三维枝晶生长模拟结果[31]

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