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金属学报  2026, Vol. 62 Issue (1): 1-16    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00201
  综述 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
高强钢焊缝金属组织设计与强韧化机理研究进展
陆善平(), 孙健
中国科学院金属研究所 沈阳材料科学国家研究中心 沈阳 110016
Research Progress on Microstructural Design and Strengthening-Toughening Mechanisms of Weld Metal in High-Strength Steels
LU Shanping(), SUN Jian
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
引用本文:

陆善平, 孙健. 高强钢焊缝金属组织设计与强韧化机理研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(1): 1-16.
Shanping LU, Jian SUN. Research Progress on Microstructural Design and Strengthening-Toughening Mechanisms of Weld Metal in High-Strength Steels[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(1): 1-16.

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摘要: 

高强钢凭借其优异的强韧性匹配和良好的焊接性能，已成为油气长输管道、海洋工程结构、工程机械及水力发电等领域的关键结构材料。作为焊接接头组成部分的焊缝金属，其微观组织和力学性能直接影响高强钢整体焊接结构的服役安全性和可靠性。焊缝金属的凝固行为和相变过程是控制其微观组织和力学性能的关键因素。本文聚焦于多元合金元素协同作用、焊接工艺参数设计及焊后热处理制度制定等三个关键方面，综述了高强钢熔化焊焊缝金属组织设计和强韧化机制的研究进展，从成分配比和工艺参数的角度理解焊缝金属强韧性倒置的关系。并对相关领域近年来的研究进展进行了评述和展望，为1000 MPa级及以上级别高强钢焊材研发及高强钢焊缝金属制备提供理论参考。
关键词 ： 高强钢焊缝金属,  微观组织,  强韧化,  合金元素,  工艺参数    
Abstract：

High-strength steel, renowned for its optimal balance between strength and toughness as well as its exceptional weldability, has become a key structural material in critical applications such as long-distance oil and gas pipelines, offshore engineering structures, construction machinery, and hydropower facilities. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld metal—an integral component of the welded joint—directly impact the service safety and reliability of the entire welded structure in high-strength steel applications. Moreover, the solidification behavior and phase transformation processes of the weld metal play a pivotal role in determining its microstructure and mechanical properties. This study focuses on three crucial aspects: the synergistic effects of multi-component alloying, the design of welding process parameters, and the formulation of post-weld heat treatment regimes. It reviews recent advances in microstructure design and elucidates the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of weld metal in high-strength steel fusion welding. Furthermore, the correlation between strength and toughness inversion in weld metal is elucidated from the perspectives of chemical composition design and process parameters. Recent advancements and prospects in relevant fields are summarized, providing theoretical guidance for the development of welding materials and the preparation of weld metal in high-strength steels of 1000 MPa grade and above.
Key words： weld metal of high-strength steel    microstructure    strengthening and toughening    alloy element    process parameter
收稿日期: 2025-07-15     
ZTFLH:  TG442  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52101060)
通讯作者: 陆善平，shplu@imr.ac.cn，主要从事高性能焊接材料研制
作者简介: 陆善平，男，1970年生，研究员，博士
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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00201      或      https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I1/1

图1  Ti含量对焊缝金属中夹杂物的影响[19]
图2  夹杂物种类计算与夹杂物实验表征[24]
图3  不同Ni含量焊缝金属的SEM像[40]
图4  不同Cr含量焊缝金属的反极图、带对比图和晶界取向差图[41]
图5  原子探针测量不同等浓度面的富V团簇[53](a) 2%V (b) 4%V (c) 10%V
图6  富Cu纳米相表征[55]
图7  熔化极气体保护电弧焊和超窄间隙激光焊焊接接头的横截面形貌[65]
图8  不同保护气时焊缝金属的力学性能[68]
图9  不同焊接热输入时焊缝金属的力学性能[70]
图10  焊缝金属焊后热处理(PWHT)过程中组织演变示意图[78]
图11  焊缝金属PWHT过程中析出相演变[81]
图12  焊缝金属电子探针分析和析出相表征[82]
图13  焊缝金属冲击断口[85]
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