冷丝辅助旋转/摇动电弧窄间隙MAG焊缝成形特性及组织性能演变机制

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00231

金属学报 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00231

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冷丝辅助旋转/摇动电弧窄间隙MAG焊缝成形特性及组织性能演变机制

李红¹ 姜玉清^1,2 曹玉鹏¹ 王加友¹ 刘澍彬¹

1 江苏科技大学材料科学与工程学院镇江 212100

2 沙洲职业工学院智能制造学院张家港 215699

Weld formation characteristics and the evolution mechanism of joint microstructure and mechanical properties for rotating/swing arc narrow gap MAG welding assisted by cold wire

LI Hong ¹, JIANG Yuqing ^1,2, CAO Yupeng ¹, WANG Jiayou ¹, LIU Shubin ¹

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China

2 School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shazhou Professional Institute of Technology, Zhangjiagang 215699, China

引用本文:

李红姜玉清曹玉鹏王加友刘澍彬. 冷丝辅助旋转/摇动电弧窄间隙MAG焊缝成形特性及组织性能演变机制[J]. 金属学报, DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00231.

全文: PDF(6368 KB)

摘要: 为提升窄间隙焊接效率，并解决深坡口焊接中坡口间隙对冷丝摆幅限制问题，提高工艺实用性，提出了可变幅摆动冷丝辅助的旋转/摇动电弧窄间隙MAG焊接方法，研究了电弧旋转频率、冷丝送进速度、以及冷丝与摇动电弧的摆动协同率对焊缝成形和焊接效率的影响规律，阐明了窄间隙焊接接头组织和力学性能演变机制。试验结果表明：在小摆幅冷丝辅助下，旋转/摇动电弧焊缝成形稳定，焊接效率可分别提高25.7%和44.2%；与旋转电弧焊相比，摇动电弧对熔池后方无重复加热作用，缩窄粗晶热影响区，冷丝吸热进一步加快熔池冷却，显著细化焊缝晶粒、韧化粗晶热影响区，相应在组织类型和晶粒尺寸因素主导下，焊缝强度可增大6.1%、熔合线区冲击功可显著提高53.8%，协同提升了窄间隙焊接效率和性能，可促进高质高效窄间隙焊接工艺的应用。

关键词 ：窄间隙焊接, 摇动电弧, 旋转电弧, 冷丝, 焊缝成形, 组织, 力学性能

Abstract：To raise the efficiency of narrow gap welding and address the restricting problem of groove gap to cold wire swaying amplitude in deep-groove welding, thereby enhancing the practicality of the process, the present work proposes a swing/rotating arc narrow-gap MAG welding assisted by a cold wire of variable swaying amplitude. Effects of arc rotation frequency, cold wire feeding speed, and the oscillation cooperative rate between the cold wire and the swing arc on weld formation and welding efficiency are then investigated. Additionally, the evolution mechanism of the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold wire-assisted rotating/swing arc narrow gap welding joints is clarified. Experimental results show that the cold wire assisted rotating/swing arc processes yield stable weld formation, and increase the welding efficiency respectively by 25.7% and 44.2%. Compared to the rotating arc process, furthermore, the swing arc process can concurrently produce a weld of greater penetrations into the groove sidewalls and weld bottom even at smaller swaying amplitudes of the cold wire; the swing arc has no the reheating effect on the rear of the molten pool, narrowing the coarse-grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ). This non-reheating effect, together with the heat absorption effect of the cold wire, further accelerates to cool the welding molten pool, significantly refining the weld grain size and toughening CGHAZ. Owing to the dominant factors of the microstructure type and grain size, accordingly, the impact energy significantly rises by 53.8% in the region neighboring the fusion line, while weld strength increases by 6.1%. Consequently, the two cold wire assisted processes concurrently improve their welding efficiency and joint performance, promoting the application of the high-quality and high-efficiency processes in narrow gap welding.

Key words： narrow gap welding swing arc rotating arc cold wire weld formation microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2025-08-13

基金资助:国家自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金

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