横向弱磁场对镍基高温合金发散双晶竞争生长行为的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00438

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (8): 1203-1216 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00438

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

横向弱磁场对镍基高温合金发散双晶竞争生长行为的影响

谢信亮¹, 周丽萍¹, 余建波²(

), 玄伟东², 陈超越², 王江², 任忠鸣²(

)

^1.南京工业大学先进轻质高性能材料研究中心南京 211816
^2.上海大学材料科学与工程学院省部共建高品质特殊钢国家重点实验室上海 200444

Effect of Weak Transverse Magnetic Field on the Competitive Grain Growth of Ni-Based Superalloy with Divergent Bi-Crystals

XIE Xinliang¹, ZHOU Liping¹, YU Jianbo²(

), XUAN Weidong², CHEN Chaoyue², WANG Jiang², REN Zhongming²(

)

^1.Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
^2.State Key laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

引用本文:

谢信亮, 周丽萍, 余建波, 玄伟东, 陈超越, 王江, 任忠鸣. 横向弱磁场对镍基高温合金发散双晶竞争生长行为的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(8): 1203-1216.
Xinliang XIE, Liping ZHOU, Jianbo YU, Weidong XUAN, Chaoyue CHEN, Jiang WANG, Zhongming REN. Effect of Weak Transverse Magnetic Field on the Competitive Grain Growth of Ni-Based Superalloy with Divergent Bi-Crystals[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(8): 1203-1216.

全文: PDF(8038 KB) HTML

摘要:

静磁场作为外加物理场，可以有效调控材料成形过程，为调控镍基高温合金的凝固组织和晶体定向生长提供了新的思路。本工作研究了DD483镍基高温合金发散双晶在横向弱磁场下(0.1和0.7 T)的定向竞争生长规律和组织形貌演变特征。结果表明，未施加磁场时，发散双晶中择优取向晶粒(晶粒A)淘汰非择优取向晶粒(晶粒B)，且晶粒淘汰速率与抽拉速率无关。磁场能显著影响发散双晶的竞争生长速率，且其受到双晶在磁场下的摆放方式和抽拉速率的影响。当发散双晶在磁场下按A-to-B方式摆放时，施加磁场抑制了晶粒A在晶界处的分枝，减缓了晶粒A的淘汰速率。当发散双晶按B-to-A方式摆放时，施加磁场进一步促进了晶粒A在晶界处的分枝，加速了晶粒A的淘汰速率。随着抽拉速率的提高，磁场对减缓或加速晶粒的竞争淘汰作用逐渐减弱。磁场在枝晶间产生的热电磁对流效应改变了发散双晶晶界处的溶质分布，从而影响枝晶在晶界处的侧枝生长，这是导致晶粒竞争生长行为发生变化的主要原因。随着抽拉速率的增加，磁场作用时间变短，热电磁对流对晶界处分枝作用的影响减弱。

关键词 ：镍基高温合金, 晶粒竞争生长, 横向磁场, 热电磁对流

Abstract：

Ni-based single-crystal superalloys have excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and creep properties, rendering them as preferred turbine blade materials in advanced aerospace and gas engines. Controlling competitive grain growth during directional solidification is of great substantial importance for achieving high-quality single-crystal blades. As an external physical field, a static magnetic field can be used to effectively control material forming. The use of static magnetic fields during directional solidification has evolved as an effective method for controlling microstructures and grain growth. However, the influence of static magnetic fields on competitive grain growth during the directional solidification of Ni-based superalloys requires further investigation. Therefore, this study explored the competitive growth behavior of divergent grains during the directional solidification of Ni-based superalloy using bi-crystal seeds at various withdrawal rates under a weak transverse magnetic field (0.1 and 0.7 T). Results showed that the favorably oriented grain (grain A) overgrew the unfavorably oriented grain (grain B) without the application of a magnetic field, and the overgrowth rate was independent of the withdrawal rate. The application of a magnetic field substantially changed the overgrowth rate of divergent bi-crystals, and the overgrowth rate was affected by the placed patterns of the divergent bi-crystals and the withdrawal rate. When the divergent bi-crystal seeds were placed under the magnetic field in an A-to-B pattern, with the favorably oriented grain A positioned on the left side and the unfavorably oriented grain B on the right side, the side branching of favorably oriented grain was suppressed at the grain boundary (GB), decreasing the overgrowth rate of divergent bi-crystals. However, when the divergent bi-crystal seeds were placed under the magnetic field in a B-to-A pattern, with the unfavorably oriented grain B on the left side and the favorably oriented grain A on the right side, branching from the favorably oriented grain at the GB was enhanced, increasing the overgrowth rate of divergent bi-crystals. With increasing the withdrawal rate, the effect of the magnetic field on slowing down or accelerating the grain overgrowth rate gradually diminished. In addition, a tilted interface and refined dendrites were observed under a transverse magnetic field, especially at a low withdrawal rate. The application of a magnetic field produces a thermomagnetic convective effect at the interdendrite that changes the solute distribution at the divergent bi-crystal GBs, thereby affecting the side branching behavior of dendrites at GBs. With increasing withdrawal rate, the effect of thermoelectric magnetic convection on dendrite side branching at GBs is weakened.

Key words： Ni-based superalloy competitive grain growth transverse magnetic field thermoelectric magnetic convection

收稿日期: 2023-11-06

ZTFLH:

TG132.3

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFA0705300);国家重大科研仪器研制项目(52127807)

通讯作者: 余建波，jbyu@shu.edu.cn，主要从事高温合金制备研究;
任忠鸣，renzm2201@163.com，主要从事磁场下金属凝固研究

Corresponding author: YU Jianbo, professor, Tel: (021)56331102, E-mail: jbyu@shu.edu.cn;

作者简介: 谢信亮，男，1990年生，副教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00438 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V61/I8/1203

图 1 发散双晶籽晶在横向磁场下的摆放方式示意图

图2 晶界偏离角(θGB)测定方法示意图及双晶籽晶纵截面平面图

图3 无磁场条件下在拉速为1和3 mm/min时发散双晶定向凝固试样不同高度的横截面组织

图4 拉速为0.5和3 mm/min时发散双晶起始凝固阶段的纵截面组织

图5 无磁场下发散双晶θGB随拉速的变化

图6 当磁场强度为0.1 T，发散双晶按A-to-B方式摆放时，不同拉速下发散双晶的纵截面和横截面组织

图7 当磁场强度为0.1 T，发散双晶按B-to-A方式摆放时，不同拉速下发散双晶纵截面和横截面组织

图8 磁场强度为0、0.1和0.7 T时发散双晶中θGB随拉速的变化

图9 当磁场强度为0.1 T、发散双晶按A-to-B方式摆放时，不同抽拉速率下的纵截面凝固组织

图10 当磁场强度为0.1 T、发散双晶按B-to-A方式摆放时，不同抽拉速率下的纵截面凝固组织

图11 当磁场强度为0.7 T、发散双晶按B-to-A方式摆放时，不同抽拉速率下的纵截面凝固组织

图12 磁场强度为0.7 T、发散双晶按B to A方式摆放时，不同抽拉速率下固-液界面处的横截面组织

图13 有/无磁场下一次枝晶间距随抽拉速率的变化

图14 有/无磁场下发散双晶竞争生长示意图

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