钨材料中缺陷的形成及演化规律

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00042

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (4): 526-540 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00042

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

钨材料中缺陷的形成及演化规律

罗来马¹^,²^,³(

), 魏国庆¹^,²^,³, 刘祯¹, 朱晓勇¹^,³, 吴玉程¹^,²^,³

1 合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院合肥 230009
2 合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院高性能铜合金材料及成形加工教育部工程研究中心合肥 230009
3 合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院有色金属与加工技术国家地方联合工程研究中心　合肥 230009

Formation and Evolution of Defects in Tungsten Materials

LUO Laima¹^,²^,³(

), WEI Guoqing¹^,²^,³, LIU Zhen¹, ZHU Xiaoyong¹^,³, WU Yucheng¹^,²^,³

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
2 Engineering Research Center for High-Performance Copper Alloys and Forming Processing of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
3 National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

引用本文:

罗来马, 魏国庆, 刘祯, 朱晓勇, 吴玉程. 钨材料中缺陷的形成及演化规律[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(4): 526-540.
Laima LUO, Guoqing WEI, Zhen LIU, Xiaoyong ZHU, Yucheng WU. Formation and Evolution of Defects in Tungsten Materials[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(4): 526-540.

全文: PDF(3795 KB) HTML

摘要:

钨材料作为一种重要的工业材料，以其高密度、高熔点和卓越的硬度及耐磨性能而闻名。晶体缺陷在钨材料的晶体结构中是常见的，调控钨材料中的缺陷是改善其性能的重要手段，深入理解钨材料中缺陷的形成与演化是实现其调控的理论基础。本文从烧结过程引入缺陷、应力效应引入缺陷2个关键方面，综述了钨材料缺陷的形成机制及其研究进展，对应地从制备、加工等角度来理解钨材料中的缺陷，并对相关领域近年来的研究进展进行了评述和展望，旨在为钨材料的研究提供参考。

关键词 ：钨材料, 缺陷, 烧结, 塑性变形, 晶体缺陷

Abstract：

Tungsten material is an industrially important material owing to its high density, high melting point, excellent hardness, and wear resistance. Crystal defects (e.g., dislocations and vacancies) are common in its structure, thereby influencing the performance of tungsten materials. Therefore, controlling these defects is crucial for enhancing their performance. A deep understanding of how defects form and evolve serves as a theoretical basis for controlling them. This article reviews the mechanisms of defect formation and research advancements in tungsten materials from two key perspectives: defect introduction during the sintering process and through stress effects. Accordingly, this study explores defects in tungsten materials from the viewpoint of preparation and processing, summarizing recent advancements and prospects in related fields, aiming to provide a valuable reference for future research on tungsten materials.

Key words： tungsten material defect sintering plastic deformation crystal defect

收稿日期: 2024-02-04

ZTFLH:

TG146.1

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE03120002, 2022YFE03140000);安徽省重大基础研究项目(2023z04020006)

通讯作者: 罗来马，luolaima@126.com，主要从事钨基复合材料制备及辐照损伤方面的研究

Corresponding author: LUO Laima, professor, Tel: 13685512719, E-mail: luolaima@126.com

作者简介: 罗来马，男，1980年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00042 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V61/I4/526

图1 钨材料烧结过程中产生的缺陷[30~32]

图2 杂质原子形成点缺陷、不同W晶界的强化/脆化能量(ΔESE)与异质原子半径关系示意图[38]及过渡金属原子晶界的偏聚能量和强化能量的典型例子[38]

图3 第二相与钨基体材料界面关系及实例[70,87,92]

图4 W的塑性变形工艺实例及微观结构[100,101]

图5 W及钨合金拉伸性能汇总[61,64,88,91,92,97,100,102~106]

图6 W中的位错类型及迁移特性[100,119]

图7 W中孪晶的形成与机理[127,128,135]

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