<strong>5A06</strong>合金<strong>TIG</strong>焊接头敏化失效机制及还原调控

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2026.00014

金属学报

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (6): 1105-1116 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2026.00014

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

5A06合金TIG焊接头敏化失效机制及还原调控

李维¹, 冯杰涛¹, 房灿峰¹(

), 冯肖², 高武², 刘敏², 王英敏³

1 大连理工大学辽宁省凝固控制与数字化制备技术重点实验室大连 116024
2 湖北三江航天万峰科技发展有限公司孝感 432100
3 大连理工大学三束材料改性教育部重点实验室大连 116024

Sensitization Failure Mechanism and Reversion Regulation of TIG Welded Joints in 5A06 Alloy

LI Wei¹, FENG Jietao¹, FANG Canfeng¹(

), FENG Xiao², GAO Wu², LIU Min², WANG Yingmin³

1 Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2 Hubei Sanjiang Aerospace Wanfeng Technology Development Co. Ltd., Xiaogan 432100, China
3 Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

引用本文:

李维, 冯杰涛, 房灿峰, 冯肖, 高武, 刘敏, 王英敏. 5A06合金TIG焊接头敏化失效机制及还原调控[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(6): 1105-1116.
Wei LI, Jietao FENG, Canfeng FANG, Xiao FENG, Wu GAO, Min LIU, Yingmin WANG. Sensitization Failure Mechanism and Reversion Regulation of TIG Welded Joints in 5A06 Alloy[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(6): 1105-1116.

全文: PDF(5883 KB) HTML

摘要:

针对Al-Mg合金焊接接头敏化行为及修复技术研究滞后于基材，而实际服役过程中焊接接头是失效高发区的突出问题，本工作以5A06合金钨极惰性气体保护(TIG)焊接头为研究对象，系统研究了焊接态、敏化态(175 ℃等温处理100 h)及还原态(310 ℃等温处理1和24 h)下，接头母材(BM)、热影响区(HAZ)和焊缝区(WZ)的显微组织及腐蚀行为。采用多种微观表征方法与硝酸失重法(NAMLT)，旨在探究焊接接头各区域的敏化析出特性及还原处理对腐蚀性能的调控作用。结果表明，焊接态BM为完全退火形成的均匀再结晶晶粒，HAZ晶粒在焊接热循环作用下略有粗化，而WZ为等轴树枝晶组织且存在明显的Mg枝晶间偏析；敏化后BM与HAZ沿晶析出连续β'相并在NAMLT测试时发生强烈晶间腐蚀，WZ额外形成的枝晶间针状β'相则进一步诱发枝晶间腐蚀，腐蚀敏感性更高；310 ℃、1 h还原处理可溶解晶界β'相，而枝晶间针状β'相的回溶需更长时间。为保障接头整体的抗晶间腐蚀能力，应以WZ枝晶间针状β'相完全回溶作为还原处理工艺的制定依据。

关键词 ： 5A06合金, TIG焊, 敏化, β'-Al₃Mg₂相, 还原处理, 耐腐蚀性能

Abstract：

Owing to their excellent corrosion resistance and weldability, 5xxx series Al-Mg alloys are widely used in marine and offshore structures. However, research on the sensitization behavior and reversion treatment of Al-Mg alloy welded joints remains underdeveloped with regard to base materials, despite welded joints being critical zones for failure. To address this limitation, the present study systematically investigated the microstructure and corrosion behavior of the base metal (BM), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and weld zone (WZ) of 5A06 alloy tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded joints under as-welded, sensitized (isothermal treatment at 175 °C for 100 h), and reversion-treated (isothermal treatment at 310 °C for 1 and 24 h) conditions. Various microstructural characterization techniques, along with the nitric acid mass loss test (NAMLT), were employed to clarify the sensitization-induced precipitation characteristics in different regions of the welded joints, as well as the effect of reversion treatment on corrosion performance. The results indicated that the as-welded BM consists of uniform, recrystallized grains formed by annealing. Due to welding thermal cycle, the grains in the HAZ were slightly coarsened, whereas the WZ exhibited equiaxed dendritic structures with notable Mg interdendritic segregation. After sensitization, continuous β' phase precipitates formed along the grain boundaries in the BM and HAZ, leading to severe intergranular corrosion during the NAMLT. In the WZ, additional acicular β' phase formed within the interdendritic regions, further inducing interdendritic corrosion and resulting in higher corrosion susceptibility. Reversion treatment at 310 °C for 1 h successfully dissolved the grain boundary β' phase; however, complete dissolution of the interdendritic acicular β' phase required a longer duration. Thus, to ensure the overall intergranular corrosion resistance of the joint, the reversion treatment parameters should be established based on the complete dissolution of the interdendritic acicular β' phase in the WZ.

Key words： 5A06 alloy TIG welding sensitization β'-Al₃Mg₂ phase reversion treatment corrosion resistance

收稿日期: 2026-01-15

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

通讯作者: 房灿峰，fcf@dlut.edu.cn，主要从事高性能铝合金与镁合金研制研究

Corresponding author: FANG Canfeng, professor, Tel: (0411)84706114, E-mail: fcf@dlut.edu.cn

作者简介: 李维，男，2000年生，硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2026.00014 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I6/1105

表1 基材和焊丝的化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 5A06合金焊接板材显微组织观察及腐蚀实验样品取样示意图

图2 5A06合金焊接态样品显微组织的OM像和母材(BM)、热影响区(HAZ)、焊缝区(WZ)的EBSD反极图

图3 5A06合金焊接态样品BM、HAZ和WZ的SEM像及元素面扫描分布图

表2 图3a~c中位置1~6的EDS成分分析结果 (atomic fraction / %)

图4 5A06合金敏化样品BM中β'相的TEM分析

图5 5A06合金敏化样品WZ中晶界β'相和针状β'相的TEM分析

图6 5A06合金焊接态、敏化及短时还原样品经56%H3PO4溶液腐蚀后不同区域显微组织的SEM像

图7 5A06合金焊接态、敏化及还原样品不同区域的硝酸失重法(NAMLT)测试结果

图8 5A06合金焊接态、敏化及短时还原样品不同区域经NAMLT测试后表面形貌的SEM像

图9 5A06合金焊接态、敏化及还原样品不同区域经NAMLT测试后截面形貌的OM像

图10 BM和WZ在敏化与还原处理过程中的析出相演变及腐蚀路径示意图

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