钼合金焊接接头高温蠕变性能研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00228

金属学报

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (1): 47-63 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00228

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钼合金焊接接头高温蠕变性能研究进展

张林杰, 张栩菁, 宁杰(

)

西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院金属材料强度全国重点实验室西安 710049

Research Progress on the High-Temperature Creep Properties of Molybdenum Alloy Welded Joints

ZHANG Linjie, ZHANG Xujing, NING Jie(

)

State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

引用本文:

张林杰, 张栩菁, 宁杰. 钼合金焊接接头高温蠕变性能研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(1): 47-63.
Linjie ZHANG, Xujing ZHANG, Jie NING. Research Progress on the High-Temperature Creep Properties of Molybdenum Alloy Welded Joints[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(1): 47-63.

全文: PDF(4338 KB) HTML

摘要:

钼合金作为一种高性能难熔金属材料，在高温、辐照等极端服役环境下具有巨大的应用潜力。鉴于钼合金所处的极端服役环境，高温蠕变性能是其最重要的评价指标之一。然而，焊后钼合金焊接接头的高温蠕变性能急剧下降，严重阻碍了钼合金结构件的推广和应用。本文主要总结了钼合金母材的蠕变机理，重点分析了钼合金焊接接头蠕变性能下降的原因，并归纳了国内外研究中改善接头性能的方法，同时评述了当前常用焊接接头蠕变性能测试方法的优缺点及适用性。最后，对钼合金焊接接头高温蠕变性能的研究方向和挑战进行了总结和展望。

关键词 ：钼合金, 焊接, 高温蠕变, 合金化, 气孔

Abstract：

Molybdenum alloys, as high-performance refractory metals, possess significant potential for applications under extreme service conditions, including high temperatures and irradiation environments. Under such conditions, high-temperature creep resistance is a critical performance metric. However, welded joints of molybdenum alloys frequently exhibit substantial degradation in creep properties, which severely limits their structural applications. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms governing creep strengthening in molybdenum alloy base metals and examines the primary factors contributing to the reduced creep resistance in welded joints. Based on these mechanisms and contributing factors, various strategies for enhancing joint performance reported in domestic and international studies are consolidated. Furthermore, the advantages, limitations, and applicability of current creep testing methods for welded joints are evaluated. Finally, future research directions and challenges in improving the high-temperature creep performance of molybdenum alloy welded joints are discussed.

Key words： molybdenum alloy welding high-temperature creep alloying pore

收稿日期: 2025-08-13

ZTFLH:

TG457.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52475700)

通讯作者: 宁杰，j_ning@xjtu.edu.cn，主要从事激光焊接及增材制造工艺基础及应用研究

作者简介: 张林杰，男，1973年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00228 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I1/47

表1 不同温度和应力下钼合金的主要蠕变机制

Material	T / ^oC	σ_c / MPa	$ε ˙$ / s^-1
Mo^[27]	1400	20	1.29 × 10^-7
TZM^[28]	1600	10	1.5 × 10^-7
Mo-11Re^[29]	1315	65	1.3 × 10^-5
Mo-3Nb^[30]	1600	10	3.1 × 10^-5
La₂O₃-Mo^[27]	1400	50	2.28 × 10^-6

表2 部分Mo和钼合金的高温蠕变性能[27~30]

图1 纯Mo和氧化物弥散强化(ODS)钼合金的蠕变性能以及ODS钼合金的显微组织[27]

图2 1747 ℃下工业级纯Mo和Mo-Zr-B合金的母材以及非熔化极氩弧焊焊缝的高温疲劳蠕变性能[38]

图3 典型的钼合金焊接断口以及钼合金母材蠕变裂纹[27,39]

图4 钼合金典型断口及析出的氧化物[8,46]

图5 不同制备工艺下电子束焊(EBW)接头的横截面形貌[52]以及钼合金母材和焊接接头中的气孔缺陷[54]

图6 合金化的强化机理和应用验证[57,58]

图7 焊接热循环过程中O、C、Mo和Nb元素相互作用机制的示意图[39]

图8 热输入[69]和焊接次数[10]对焊接接头气孔缺陷的影响

图9 单轴蠕变测试设备照片[79]，内压蠕变实验试样照片[83]，小冲杆蠕变实验设备和示意图[85,86]，及纳米压痕形貌[89]

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