中子衍射应力分析技术及其应用进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00061

金属学报

2024, Vol. 60

Issue (8): 1017-1030 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00061

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

中子衍射应力分析技术及其应用进展

林皓¹^,², 李建³, 杨钊龙³, 钟圣怡²^,⁴(

)

1 上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海 200240
2 上海交通大学中子科学与技术全国重点实验室上海 200240
3 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所绵阳 621999
4 上海交通大学巴黎卓越工程师学院上海 200240

Recent Progress in Stress Analysis Technology and Application of Neutron Diffraction

LIN Hao¹^,², LI Jian³, YANG Zhaolong³, ZHONG Shengyi²^,⁴(

)

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2 National Key Laboratory of Neutron Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
3 Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
4 SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

林皓, 李建, 杨钊龙, 钟圣怡. 中子衍射应力分析技术及其应用进展[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(8): 1017-1030.
Hao LIN, Jian LI, Zhaolong YANG, Shengyi ZHONG. Recent Progress in Stress Analysis Technology and Application of Neutron Diffraction[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(8): 1017-1030.

全文: PDF(2827 KB) HTML

摘要:

中子衍射依托中子源大科学装置，能够非破坏性地获取材料内部微结构的统计信息，是建立物质微观、介观和宏观结构与性能内在联系的重要表征手段，同时也是航空发动机涡轮盘/叶片、反应堆压力容器等重大技术与装备关键部件内部残余应力定量无损评价的重要方法。本文简要介绍了中子衍射技术测量原理和基本方法，阐述了该技术在材料基础与前沿探索的研究进展，评述了其在工程构件设计、制造、服役及安全评估中的地位与作用。基于新材料和新工艺开发的共性需求，展望了中子衍射技术跨尺度、多参量分析的开发潜力，及其未来在高通量表征中的发展方向。

关键词 ：中子衍射, 残余应力, 高通量表征, 服役安全

Abstract：

Neutron diffraction is an advanced experimental technology relying on the neutron source scientific device, which can obtain statistical information of the internal microstructure of materials in a non-destructive manner. It is an indispensable characterization method for establishing the intrinsic relationship between the microstructure, mesoscopic, and macroscopic structure and performance of materials. At the same time, it is an important method for quantitative non-destructive evaluation of residual stress inside key components of major technologies and equipment. This article briefly introduces the measurement principle and basic methods of neutron diffraction technology, elaborates on the research progress of this technology in material foundation and cutting-edge exploration, and evaluates its position and role in engineering component design, manufacturing, service, and safety assessment. Finally, based on the common requirements for the development of new materials and processes, the development potential of neutron diffraction technology for cross scale and multi parameter analysis is discussed, as well as its future development direction in high-throughput characterization.

Key words： neutron diffraction residual stress high throughput characterization service safety

收稿日期: 2024-03-01

ZTFLH:

TG142.71

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA1600900);海洋装备前瞻创新联合基金项目(ZCJDQZ202303A01);新进教师启动计划项目(23X010502174)

通讯作者: 钟圣怡，shengyi.zhong@sjtu.edu.cn，主要从事中子散射技术、中子谱仪装置研究

Corresponding author: ZHONG Shengyi, professor, Tel: (021)54740057, E-mail: shengyi.zhong@sjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 林皓，男，1988年生，博士

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图1 中子衍射谱仪“河图”实物

图2 ENGIN-X原位中子衍射测试疲劳实验样品示意图及结果[39]

图3 在0和1070 MPa宏观应力下DP980双相钢中(200)和(211)晶面的中子衍射峰[48]

图4 铁素体和马氏体晶格应变中子衍射测试及模拟结果[48]

图5 通过SEM、中子衍射(ND)和原位高温ND实验中的真应变-应力曲线获得的均匀化NbTaTiV合金的微观结构、相特征和力学性能[49]

图6 CrMnFeCoNi合金在低温下的晶体结构和变形行为[51]

图7 原位中子衍射实验装置及中子衍射图案[54]

图8 铁轨残余应力分布中子衍射测试设备及主应力分布示意图[70]

图9 中子衍射与中子小角散射原位同步测试实验装置示意图[76]

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