蠕变对焊后热处理残余应力预测精度和计算效率的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00208

金属学报

2019, Vol. 55

Issue (12): 1581-1592 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00208

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

蠕变对焊后热处理残余应力预测精度和计算效率的影响

逯世杰,王虎,戴培元,邓德安(

)

重庆大学材料科学与工程学院重庆 400044

Effect of Creep on Prediction Accuracy and Calculating Efficiency of Residual Stress in Post Weld Heat Treatment

LU Shijie,WANG Hu,DAI Peiyuan,DENG Dean(

)

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

引用本文:

逯世杰, 王虎, 戴培元, 邓德安. 蠕变对焊后热处理残余应力预测精度和计算效率的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(12): 1581-1592.
LU Shijie, WANG Hu, DAI Peiyuan, DENG Dean. Effect of Creep on Prediction Accuracy and Calculating Efficiency of Residual Stress in Post Weld Heat Treatment[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(12): 1581-1592.

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摘要:

基于MSC. Marc软件平台，开发了考虑蠕变效应的热-弹-塑性有限元计算方法。采用该方法模拟了Q345平板接头TIG重熔焊接过程和焊后热处理过程中的应力场，并重点研究了焊后热处理过程中蠕变效应对焊接残余应力的影响，基于数值模拟结果研究了焊后热处理消除残余应力的机理。同时，采用盲孔法实测了焊接及热处理后平板接头的残余应力，并与数值模拟结果进行了对比。此外，还探讨了2种不同的蠕变模型对焊后热处理残余应力计算精度的影响，针对Q345低合金高强钢，提出了一种简易高效、适合于工程应用的蠕变模型。结果表明：数值模拟得到的残余应力与实验值吻合良好，验证了所开发的集成计算方法的有效性。热处理计算过程有必要考虑材料的蠕变效应，否则会严重高估热处理后的残余应力。采用本工作提出的简易蠕变模型，在较少损失计算精度的前提下可使计算效率提高10倍左右。

关键词 ：残余应力, 焊后热处理, 蠕变, 数值模拟

Abstract：

Low alloy high strength steel, owing to its good mechanical properties and low cost, is widely used in bridge, building, pressure vessel and other engineering structures. Steel structures will inevitably produce residual stress and deformation after welding with the characteristics of concentrated heat source and local heating. Heat treatment is recognized as an effective method to eliminate the residual stress after welding. However, there is no quantitative and systematic study on the mechanism of heat treatment to eliminate residual stress when numerical simulation method is used to study post weld heat treatment (PWHT). Meanwhile, creep is an important factor in the process of PWHT on low alloy high strength steel. It is necessary to study the influence of creep on residual stress prediction so as to develop a simplified creep model used in practice more efficiently. Based on MSC. Marc software platform, a thermal-elastic-plastic finite element method (T-E-P FEM) considering creep effect is developed. The stress field during welding and PWHT of Q345 remelting joint was simulated by the integrated calculation method. The effect of creep on welding residual stress during PWHT was emphatically studied. Based on the results of numerical simulation, the mechanism of eliminating residual stress by PWHT was explored. At the same time, the residual stresses of welded and heat treated joints were measured by blind-hole method, and the results were compared with those of numerical simulation. In addition, the effect of two different creep models on the calculation accuracy of residual stress in PWHT is also discussed. A simple and efficient creep model suitable for engineering application is proposed for Q345 low alloy high strength steel. The results show that the residual stresses obtained by numerical simulation agree well with the experimental values, which verifies the validity of the integrated calculation method developed. It is necessary to consider creep effect in the process of PWHT, otherwise the residual stress after heat treatment will be seriously overestimated. By using the simple creep model proposed, the calculation efficiency could be increased by about 10 times with less loss of calculation accuracy.

Key words： residual stress post weld heat treatment (PWHT) creep numerical simulation

收稿日期: 2019-06-27

ZTFLH:

TG404

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(No.51875063)

作者简介: 逯世杰，男，1991年生，硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00208 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2019/V55/I12/1581

图1 试件几何尺寸及实物照片

图2 焊后热处理的温度循环曲线

图3 残余应力测量位置

图4 Q345钢的热物理性能参数[20]和力学性能参数[21]

图5 3D有限元模型

表1 数值模拟计算案例

图6 4个不同计算案例得到的纵向残余应力分布云图及中央截面焊缝附近的应力分布

图7 4个不同计算案例得到的横向残余应力分布云图及中央截面焊缝附近的应力分布

图8 焊接完成后沿直线L1上的纵向和横向残余应力分布

图9 不同计算案例沿直线L1上的纵向和横向残余应力分布

图10 热处理过程中A点纵向残余应力随时间的变化

图11 热处理过程中A点的弹性应变、塑性应变和蠕变应变随时间的变化

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