搅拌摩擦加工改性<strong>Mg-5Zn</strong>合金的显微组织与耐腐蚀性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00281

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (7): 1071-1081 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00281

研究论文

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搅拌摩擦加工改性Mg-5Zn合金的显微组织与耐腐蚀性能

龙飞¹^,²^,³, 刘瞿¹^,², 朱艺星¹^,², 周梦然¹^,², 陈高强¹^,², 史清宇¹^,²(

)

1 清华大学机械工程系北京 100084
2 清华大学高端装备界面科学与技术全国重点实验室北京 100084
3 河南省科学院材料研究所河南省先进导体材料重点实验室郑州 450046

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Modified Mg-5Zn Alloy via Friction Stir Processing

LONG Fei¹^,²^,³, LIU Qu¹^,², ZHU Yixing¹^,², ZHOU Mengran¹^,², CHEN Gaoqiang¹^,², SHI Qingyu¹^,²(

)

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3 Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Conductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China

引用本文:

龙飞, 刘瞿, 朱艺星, 周梦然, 陈高强, 史清宇. 搅拌摩擦加工改性Mg-5Zn合金的显微组织与耐腐蚀性能[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(7): 1071-1081.
Fei LONG, Qu LIU, Yixing ZHU, Mengran ZHOU, Gaoqiang CHEN, Qingyu SHI. Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Modified Mg-5Zn Alloy via Friction Stir Processing[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(7): 1071-1081.

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摘要:

Mg在多数服役环境(尤其含Cl⁻介质)中的耐腐蚀性能较差，含较多第二相的镁合金电偶腐蚀问题尤其突出，本工作采用3种不同轴肩直径(14、17和20 mm)的搅拌头对铸态Mg-5Zn合金进行搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)处理，研究具有不同第二相分布和晶粒特征的细晶组织的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明，FSP处理使合金中的第二相发生了不同程度的破碎和均匀分布，且随着轴肩直径增加，在固溶程度没有明显增加的前提下，第二相晶粒发生了长大，导致Mg-5Zn合金的微电偶效应增强，耐腐蚀性能逐渐降低。此外，FSP处理使Mg-5Zn合金形成了较强的(0001)基面织构，从而有利于耐腐蚀性能的提高。采用轴肩直径为14 mm的搅拌头，在转速为800 r/min、前进速率为40 mm/min及轴肩下压量为0.3 mm的FSP条件下，所制备Mg-5Zn合金的位错密度相对较低，其中的第二相被充分细化且呈均匀弥散分布状态，在3.5%NaCl溶液中的平均腐蚀电流密度相比铸态合金降低了近1个数量级。

关键词 ：搅拌摩擦加工, 第二相, 轴肩直径, 耐腐蚀性能

Abstract：

Magnesium alloy is the lightest metal structure material and has one of the highest specific strength among metals. Thus, it has great potential in many applications, such as aerospace and automobile industry, to reduce the weight of components. However, magnesium alloys have very poor corrosion resistance that hinders their industrial application. Thus, several methods have been explored to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy to promote its application in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and electronics where lightweight materials are required. In this study, friction stir processing (FSP) has been applied to modify the microstructure of Mg-5Zn alloy to increase its corrosion resistance, which is a type of magnesium alloy used widely but has relatively poor corrosion resistance. Herein, three tools with different shoulder diameters of 14, 17, and 20 mm were selected to conduct FSP on the as-cast Mg-5Zn alloy. The microstructure has been observed and corrosion behavior has been investigated. The results reveal that the coarse grains of as-cast Mg-5Zn alloy are considerably refined by FSP treatment. The grain size reduces from hundreds of micrometers to a few micrometers. Furthermore, the coarse secondary phase in as-cast alloy is broken into small particles and distributed uniformly in the base material after FSP. Additionally, strong basal plane (0001) texture and low dislocation density have been observed in these FSP-treated samples, which are beneficial for increasing the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy. Moreover, the size of the secondary phase increases with the increase of shoulder diameter, which leads to the increase in local cathode/anode area ratio, and the corrosion resistance of the three FSP-treated samples gradually reduces to 1520, 247, and 111 Ω·cm², respectively. Notably, under the FSP treatment at 800 r/min rotation speed, 40 mm/min traveling speed, and 0.3 mm plunge depth, when the tool with a shoulder diameter of 14 mm is employed, the precipitates in the Mg-5Zn alloy gets sufficiently fragmented and evenly dispersed, along with a relatively low dislocation density. The average corrosion current density of this friction stir processed sample in a 3.5%NaCl aqueous solution is reduced to 4.11 × 10^-6 A/cm² compared to that of the as-cast alloy (3.15 × 10^-5 A/cm²).

Key words： friction stir processing precipitate shoulder diameter corrosion resistance

收稿日期: 2023-07-01

ZTFLH:

TB304

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52035005);国家自然科学基金项目(52175334)

通讯作者: 史清宇，shqy@tsinghua.edu.cn，主要从事搅拌摩擦焊接与加工、焊接力学及模拟仿真等方面的研究

作者简介: 龙飞，男，1993年生，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00281 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V61/I7/1071

图1 铸态Mg-5Zn合金显微组织的OM像和晶粒尺寸分布

图2 3种轴肩直径下搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)处理的Mg-5Zn合金样品的反极图

图3 铸态Mg-5Zn合金和经FSP处理样品的BSE像

图4 铸态Mg-5Zn合金和FSP处理样品的XRD谱

图5 FSP处理的Mg-5Zn合金样品在搅拌区中心左右各5 mm区域的硬度变化

图6 FSP处理的Mg-5Zn合金样品的核平均取向差(KAM)图及其分布情况

图7 FSP工艺处理的Mg-5Zn合金样品的晶界分布图

图8 3种FSP工艺处理的Mg-5Zn合金样品的极图

图9 铸态Mg-5Zn母材与FSP处理的样品在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)

图10 阻抗拟合所使用的等效电路图

表1 铸态Mg-5Zn母材与FSP处理的样品在3.5%NaCl溶液中的EIS拟合结果

图11 铸态Mg-5Zn母材和FSP处理的样品在3.5%NaCl溶液中的极化曲线

表2 铸态Mg-5Zn母材和FSP处理样品在3.5%NaCl溶液中的动电位极化曲线的拟合结果

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