中子表征技术在金属结构材料研究中的应用

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00063

金属学报

2024, Vol. 60

Issue (8): 1001-1016 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00063

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

中子表征技术在金属结构材料研究中的应用

王延绪¹, 龚武², 苏玉华², 李昺¹(

)

1 中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016
2 Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan

Application of Neutron Characterization Techniques to Metallic Structural Materials

WANG Yanxu¹, GONG Wu², SU Yuhua², LI Bing¹(

)

1 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan

引用本文:

王延绪, 龚武, 苏玉华, 李昺. 中子表征技术在金属结构材料研究中的应用[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(8): 1001-1016.
Yanxu WANG, Wu GONG, Yuhua SU, Bing LI. Application of Neutron Characterization Techniques to Metallic Structural Materials[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(8): 1001-1016.

全文: PDF(2415 KB) HTML

摘要:

结构材料的原子结构、微观组织与宏观性能的关联性是材料研究的核心问题之一，历久弥新。近年来，加速器基中子源大科学装置的建设和相关实验技术取得了长足进步，这为在实时原位条件下深入研究该问题提供了良好的基础。本文介绍了中子衍射、Bragg边成像、小角中子散射、对分布函数分析、准弹性/非弹性中子散射等主要中子表征技术在结构材料中应用的最新进展，着重论述了钢铁材料相变内应力起源与演化、镁合金等轻金属材料的变形机制、基于Bragg边成像的微观结构及残余应力分析，并对今后发展趋势进行了简要展望。

关键词 ：中子散射, 相变, 弹塑性变形, 结构材料

Abstract：

The correlation between the atomic structure, microstructure, and macroscopic properties of structural materials remains a core issue in materials research. In recent years, substantial progress has been achieved in constructing accelerator-based neutron sources and related experimental techniques, offering a robust platform for an in-depth understanding of the aforementioned correlation under real-time and in situ conditions. This article reviews the latest advancements in the application of major neutron characterization techniques, including neutron diffraction, Bragg-edge imaging, small-angle neutron scattering, pair distribution function analysis, and quasi-elastic/inelastic neutron scattering, in structural materials. Furthermore, it particularly highlights the origins and evolution of internal stresses during the phase transformations of steels, deformation mechanisms in light metals such as magnesium alloys, and microstructure and residual stress analyses using Bragg-edge imaging. Finally, a brief outlook on future development trends is provided.

Key words： neutron scattering phase transformation elasto-plastic deformation structural material

收稿日期: 2024-03-01

ZTFLH:

TG115

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52201029);中国科学院依托重大科技基础设施的建制化科研项目(JZHKYPT-2021-01)

通讯作者: 李昺，bingli@imr.ac.cn，主要从事固态相变材料的中子散射研究

Corresponding author: LI Bing, professor, Tel: (024)23975272, E-mail: bingli@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 王延绪，男，1990年生，研究员，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00063 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V60/I8/1001

图1 反应堆与散裂中子源的发展[3]

图2 散射光路，小角散射与衍射谱，及飞行时间法光路的示意

图3 Bragg边出现的示意图及对应的纯Fe的衍射峰

图4 中子透射率光谱示意图

表1 代表性的工程材料研究平台[4,12~22]

图5 中碳低合金钢淬火过程中奥氏体和马氏体晶胞参数随温度变化曲线[34]

图6 {101¯0}晶格再取向示意图[60]和镁合金的压缩-拉伸变形中的中子衍射谱变化[73]

图7 亚稳奥氏体合金经不同深处理后马氏体相体积分数的二维分布图[14]

图8 基于Bragg边透射成像所测的残余应变[115]

图9 Inconel718合金的透射电镜形貌、小角中子散射谱与原子探针重构[128]

图10 CrMnFeCoNi合金的非弹性中子散射谱[141]

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