高钛耐磨钢中<strong>TiC</strong>析出行为及其对耐磨粒磨损性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00374

金属学报

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (4): 661-672 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00374

研究论文

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高钛耐磨钢中TiC析出行为及其对耐磨粒磨损性能的影响

孙新军(

),刘罗锦,梁小凯,许帅,雍岐龙

钢铁研究总院工程用钢研究所北京 100081

TiC Precipitation Behavior and Its Effect on Abrasion Resistance of High Titanium Wear-Resistant Steel

SUN Xinjun(

),LIU Luojin,LIANG Xiaokai,XU Shuai,YONG Qilong

Department of Structrual Steels, Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China

引用本文:

孙新军,刘罗锦,梁小凯,许帅,雍岐龙. 高钛耐磨钢中TiC析出行为及其对耐磨粒磨损性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(4): 661-672.
Xinjun SUN, Luojin LIU, Xiaokai LIANG, Shuai XU, Qilong YONG. TiC Precipitation Behavior and Its Effect on Abrasion Resistance of High Titanium Wear-Resistant Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(4): 661-672.

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摘要:

针对传统低合金耐磨钢主要依靠增加其基体硬度来提高耐磨性，从而导致材料加工性能严重降低的问题，提出通过高钛微合金化及铸坯(锭)原位内生反应，在钢基体中引入超硬TiC颗粒来增强钢的耐磨性，实现了在不增加硬度的同时耐磨性大幅提高。研究发现，钢中TiC颗粒呈现出独特的“微米-亚微米-纳米”三峰分布特征。微米级TiC颗粒来源于在凝固末期发生的L→γ+TiC共晶反应，在后续热轧过程中共晶TiC逐渐实现碎化和均匀化。亚微米TiC颗粒主要是从凝固后的高温奥氏体中析出；纳米级TiC颗粒主要是在热轧过程中从形变奥氏体中析出。考察了钢中TiC含量对耐磨粒磨损性能的影响规律及微观机理，发现相对耐磨性与TiC含量大致呈线性上升的关系，认为微米级粒子对磨损犁沟的阻碍作用是耐磨性增加的主要原因。

关键词 ：耐磨钢, 高钛微合金化, TiC析出, 耐磨粒磨损性能

Abstract：

In general, the wear resistance of traditional low alloy wear-resistant steels can be improved by increasing the hardness of steel matrix, but this significantly deteriorates the processing properties of steel, such as weldability, formability and machinability. Therefore, how to improve the wear resistance of steels without increasing the hardness has become an important issue for the study of wear-resistant steels in recent years. In this work, it is prosposed to introduce ultra-hard TiC particles into the matrix of steel by means of high-Ti microalloying and in situ reaction of TiC in billets (ingots), so as to achieve a significant increase in the wear resistance without increasing the hardness. Seven tested steels with different Ti and C contents were firstly fabricated by smelting, hot rolling and heat treatment, then the morphology, size distribution and fraction of precipitates were characterized by means of OM, SEM, EPMA, TEM, physical-chemical phase analysis, etc. Finally, the wear resistance and its mechanisms of the tested steels were investigated. The results show that TiC particles in the tested steels exhibit an unique trimodal distribution characteristic of "micron-submicron-nanometer". The micron-sized TiC particles were originated from the eutectic reaction of L→γ+TiC occuring at the end of solidification; the eutectic TiC was broken up into small fragments and homogenized gradually during the subsequent hot rolling. The submicron-sized particles were mainly precipitated from austenite at relatively high temperature after solidification, and the nano-sized particles were mainly precipitated from deformed austenite at relatively low temperature during hot rolling. The size of precipitates becomes finer at lower precipitation temperature. The relative precipitation-temperature-time (PTT) diagrams of both submicron-sized and nano-sized TiC were calculated, and it is shown that the most rapid precipitation temperature of the submicron-sized TiC is about 208 ℃ higher than that of the nano-sized TiC. The relative wear resistance of the tested steels is found to increase linearly with increasing TiC fraction, and the improvement of wear resistance is mainly due to the obstruction of micron-sized particles on wear furrow.

Key words： wear-resistant steel high-Ti microalloying TiC precipitation abrasion resistance

收稿日期: 2019-11-04

ZTFLH:

TG142

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0305100)

作者简介: 孙新军，男，1971年生，正高级工程师，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00374 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2020/V56/I4/661

表1 实验用钢化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 实验用钢轧制与热处理工艺

图2 MLS-225型湿砂橡胶轮式磨损实验机示意图

图3 实验用钢基体组织的SEM和TEM像

图4 实验用钢电解萃取析出相粉末的XRD谱

表2 实验用钢物理化学相分析定量结果 (%)

图5 Ti60钢中微米级TiC析出相的OM像

图6 Ti60钢中微米级TiC析出相的SEM像

图7 Ti60钢微米级TiC析出相的EPMA元素分布图

图8 Ti60钢中亚微米级TiC粒子的EPMA成分像和TEM像

图9 Ti60钢中纳米级TiC粒子的TEM像

图10 Ti60钢TiC粒径分布图

图11 Ti60钢铸态组织形貌的OM像

图12 Ti60钢凝固过程Thermo-Calc热力学计算

图13 Ti60钢900 ℃淬火态及随后经过1200和1350 ℃固溶处理后TiC粒子形貌的SEM和TEM像

图14 Ti60钢经不同温度固溶处理后TiC粒子粒度分布(0~300 nm)

图15 TiC固态析出的相对PTT图

图16 实验用钢的硬度、磨损失重和相对耐磨性与TiC质量分数的关系

图17 微米级TiC粒子阻碍犁沟通过的作用方式[5,7]

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