徐淑贤, 侯自兵, 朱程赫, 岑叙, 赵爱华, 谢展鹏. 一种综合组织光学与高度特征获取铸轧铝坯晶粒取向特征的方法研究[J]. 金属学报, DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00388.
, , , , , . #br#[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 0, (): 0-.

摘要 相关文章 Metrics 全文: PDF(4477 KB)   摘要: 针对酸蚀后铸轧铝合金表面晶粒细小且取向复杂，导致难以仅依赖光学这一不稳定特征准确提取晶粒取向信息的问题，本研究提出了一种综合组织光学与高度特征来获取铸轧铝坯晶粒取向特征的方法。该方法首先在获得晶粒取向与酸蚀组织表面光学与高度原始测量数据的基础上，利用特征工程，构建了包含灰度共生矩阵与几何曲率在内的多维特征集以获取更多的酸蚀表面微观形貌信息，并且通过后处理对构建的堆叠集成模型预测输出结果进行训练优化。选用的堆叠模型在测试集中的正确率为78.3%，宏平均 F1-score为0.784。在验证实验中，预测结果在空间分布上与真实取向具有较好一致性，正确率为80.1%，并顺利实现更大区域晶粒取向特征预测。最后，采用SHAP可解释性模型（SHapley Additive exPlanation）佐证模型的科学合理性。SHAP分析结果表明，铸轧铝酸蚀微观形貌中的光学特征以及纹理特征在模型中能够有效反映晶粒取向差异，高度特征在模型中也主要起着调节、稳定模型的作用，三者结合共同作用实现了模型良好的预测性能。本研究为利用铸轧铝合金及类似合金酸蚀表面组织形貌获取晶粒取向信息以及进一步高效实现大区域晶体学取向定量识别提供了可行技术路径。 关键词 ： 晶粒取向,  低倍组织,  光学特征,  高度特征,  机器学习,  铝合金     Abstract：The defect of coarse grains on the surface of cast-rolled aluminum slabs significantly impacts the yield of subsequent rolling processes. These coarse grains manifest not only in size variations but also in pronounced orientation differences. Therefore, investigating the orientation characteristics of surface grains in cast-rolled slabs is crucial for improving the microstructure and surface quality of cast-rolled products. Traditional inspection methods, which primarily rely on macroscopic observation after acid etching, struggle to quantitatively reflect grain orientation variations. To address the challenge of accurately extracting grain orientation information solely through optical characteristics—which are inherently unstable—due to the fine grain size and complex orientation of cast-rolled aluminum alloys after acid etching, this study proposes a method that integrates optical and height features to obtain grain orientation characteristics of cast-rolled aluminum slabs. This method first utilizes feature engineering to construct a multidimensional feature set—including grayscale co-occurrence matrices(GLCM) and geometric curvature—based on raw optical and height measurements of grain orientation and microstructure surfaces. This approach extracts additional etching micro-morphology information. Subsequently, post-processing trains and optimizes the prediction outputs of the constructed stacked ensemble model. The selected stacked model achieved an accuracy of 78.3% on the test set, with a macro-average F1-score of 0.784. In the validation experiments, the predicted results showed good consistency with the actual orientations in spatial distribution, achieving an accuracy rate of 80.1% , and successfully enabling the prediction of grain orientation features across larger regions. Finally, the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation) interpretability model was employed to substantiate the scientific validity of the model. SHAP analysis results indicate that optical features and texture features within the microstructure of acid-etched cast-rolled aluminum effectively reflect grain orientation variations in the model. Height features primarily serve to regulate and stabilize the model. The combined action of these three elements collectively achieves the model's excellent predictive performance. This study provides a viable technical approach for obtaining grain orientation information from the surface microstructure of acid-etched cast-rolled aluminum alloys and similar alloys, and for efficiently achieving quantitative identification of crystallographic orientation across large areas. Key words： grain orientation    macrostructure    optical features    height features    machine learning    aluminum alloy 收稿日期: 2025-11-25      基金资助:基于酸蚀表面三维特征的连铸坯碳偏析程度高效表征基础研究(52274318) 服务 把本文推荐给朋友 加入引用管理器 E-mail Alert RSS 作者相关文章 徐淑贤 侯自兵 朱程赫 岑叙 赵爱华 谢展鹏 44.8K 链接本文: https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00388      或      https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y0/V/I/0 [1] 马成勇, 侯旭儒, 赵琳, 阚成玲, 曹洋, 彭云, 田志凌. 电弧增材制造高强度Al-Mg-Sc系合金研究进展：冶金缺陷、微观组织和力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(1): 29-46. [2] 阴嘉琳, 石磊, 武传松. 超声振动对镁/铝异质合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头界面组织演变的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(1): 133-147. [3] 韩鸿华, 史清宇, 杨诚乐, 孔德帅, 陈高强. 铝合金搅拌摩擦焊热-力-流耦合仿真及材料迁移轨迹解析[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(1): 148-158. [4] 肖文龙, 臧晨阳, 郭锦涛, 冯佳文, 马朝利. 基于原位电阻法的7A65铝合金厚板双级时效工艺[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(8): 1153-1164. [5] 孙军, 刘刚, 杨冲, 张鹏, 薛航. 耐热铝合金：组织设计与合金制备[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(4): 521-525. [6] 罗列文, 王明洋, 高志明, 夏大海, 邓意达, 胡文彬. 高强铝合金晶界氢陷阱的原子尺度作用机制[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(11): 1747-1757. [7] 郑潇禹, 陈辛, 何美玲, 黄奇, 李亚, 孔毅, 杜勇. 基于晶体塑性的6XXX铝合金力学性能多尺度计算[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(11): 1758-1768. [8] 万杰, 李皓天, 刘书基, 路洪洲, 王立生, 张振栋, 刘春海, 贾建磊, 刘海峰, 陈豫增. Al-Nb-B细化剂形核质点的弥散化及其对铸造铝合金组织及力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(1): 117-128. [9] 韩英, 吴雨航, 赵春禄, 张靖实, 李振民, 冉旭. 选区激光熔化成形Al-Si-Fe-Mn-Ni合金的高温蠕变行为[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(1): 154-164. [10] 徐洋, 柯黎明, 聂浩, 夏春, 刘强, 陈书锦. 局部强冷作用下厚板铝合金/镁合金搅拌摩擦焊界面金属间化合物的析出行为[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(6): 777-788. [11] 刘壮壮, 丁明路, 谢建新. 金属3D打印数字化制造研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(5): 569-584. [12] 江浩文, 彭伟, 范增为, 汪杨鑫, 刘腾轼, 董瀚. Ag对奥氏体不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(4): 434-442. [13] 王勇, 张卫文, 杨超, 王智. 钛合金三维点阵结构增韧纳米铝合金的力学性能和变形行为[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(2): 247-260. [14] 耿汝伟, 王林, 魏正英, 麻宁绪. 铝合金熔滴复合电弧增材组织演化及外延生长特性[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(11): 1584-1594. [15] 文通其, 刘怀忆, 龚小国, 叶贝琳, 刘思宇, 李卓远. 深度势能方法在材料科学中的应用[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(10): 1299-1311. Viewed Full text Abstract Cited   Shared      Discussed