Please wait a minute...
金属学报    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00383
  本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
贝氏体钢轨的低温疲劳裂纹扩展行为
刘蓉,高古辉,桂晓露,白秉哲
北京交通大学 机械与电子控制工程学院  北京 100044
Low-Temperature Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Bainitic Rail Steel
引用本文:

刘蓉 高古辉 桂晓露 白秉哲. 贝氏体钢轨的低温疲劳裂纹扩展行为[J]. 金属学报, DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00383.

全文: PDF(2462 KB)  
摘要: 随着高寒地区铁路建设的不断推进,钢轨在低温环境下的疲劳性能引起了广泛关注。目前,许多研究聚焦于高强度钢在常温下的疲劳性能,但对于贝氏体钢轨钢的低温疲劳裂纹扩展行为,尤其是微观组织(特别是残余奥氏体)的影响机制,仍缺乏清晰的认识。本工作以热轧空冷处理的U20Mn2SiCrNiMo (简称U20Mn)贝氏体钢轨为研究对象,采用SEM、TEM、EBSD、XRD等手段对钢轨的显微组织进行了多尺度表征,研究了在室温(25 ℃)和-40 ℃下钢轨的常规力学性能与疲劳裂纹扩展行为。结果表明,热轧空冷处理贝氏体钢轨的显微组织以粒状贝氏体/马氏体复相组织为主,含有约10% (体积分数)的残余奥氏体。随着温度降低,钢轨的强度升高,而冲击韧性下降。疲劳裂纹扩展曲线与拟合的Paris公式表明,在一定应力强度因子范围内(8~18 MPa×m1/2),-40 ℃下具有更低的疲劳裂纹扩展速率;但疲劳断口观察结果表明,在-40 ℃时疲劳裂纹扩展呈现由韧性断裂向脆性断裂转变的趋势。分析认为,低温条件下钢轨强度的升高、韧性的降低以及钢中残余奥氏体稳定性的变化3者协同影响是造成贝氏体钢轨低温疲劳裂纹扩展速率变化的内在原因。
关键词 贝氏体钢轨低温疲劳裂纹扩展微观组织残余奥氏体    
Abstract:Bainitic rail steels have been extensively studied as a solution to the considerable fatigue and wear issues experienced with conventional pearlitic rails. With railway constructions in high-cold regions, the effect of    low temperatures on the fatigue performance of railways has garnered considerable attention. Despite several studies on the room-temperature fatigue performance of high-strength steels, the effect of the microstructure, particularly retained austenite (RA), on the low-temperature fatigue crack growth behavior in bainitic rail steels remains unclear. This study examined the low-temperature fatigue crack propagation behavior of U20Mn2SiCrNiMo (U20Mn) bainitic rail steel subjected to hot rolling and air cooling. The microstructure of the bainitic rail steel was characterized employing SEM, TEM, EBSD, and XRD. The conventional mechanical properties and fatigue crack propagation rate (da/dN; where a is the crack length and N is the number of stress cycles) were determined at room temperature (25 ℃) and −40 ℃. The results demonstrated that the U20Mn bainitic rail steel was primarily composed of a granular bainite/martensite multiphase structure, with approximately 10% (volume fraction) RA. A decrease in the experimental temperature increased the tensile and yield strength of the U20Mn rail steel; however, its impact toughness decreased. The da/dN vs. stress intensity factor (ΔK) curves for U20Mn rail steel at 20 ℃ and −40 ℃ indicated that the fatigue crack propagation rate reduced at low temperatures within the ΔK range of 8–20 MPa·m1/2. However, an examination of the fatigue fracture surface revealed a transition from ductile to brittle fractures at −40 ℃. This indicates that the combined effects of the increased strength, decreased toughness, and changes in the stability of RA at low temperatures are the underlying factors responsible for the variation in the low-temperature fatigue crack propagation rate of bainitic rail steel. These findings are expected to guide the design of low-temperature fatigue-resistant bainitic rail steel by optimizing the volume fraction and RA stability.
Key wordsbainite rail steel    low temperature    fatigue crack growth    microstructure    retained austenite
收稿日期: 2024-11-13     
基金资助:国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目
[1] 王洪瑛, 姚志浩, 李大禹, 郭婧, 姚凯俊, 董建新. γ' 相含量粉末及变形高温合金组织和力学性能的异同性[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(9): 1364-1374.
[2] 肖文龙, 臧晨阳, 郭锦涛, 冯佳文, 马朝利. 基于原位电阻法的7A65铝合金厚板双级时效工艺[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(8): 1153-1164.
[3] 吴泽威, 颜俊雄, 胡励, 韩修柱. 双峰分离非基面织构AZ31镁合金板材反常中温轧制变形行为及机理[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(8): 1165-1173.
[4] 谢旭, 万一博, 钟明, 邹晓东, 王聪. CaF2-TiO2 焊剂作用下EH36船板钢气电立焊焊缝金属组织优化及力学性能调控[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(7): 998-1010.
[5] 孙欢腾, 马运柱, 蔡青山, 王健宁, 段有腾, 张梦祥. fccbcc钢板在超高速撞击下的微观组织差异[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(7): 1011-1023.
[6] 郝旭邦, 程伟丽, 李戬, 王利飞, 崔泽琴, 闫国庆, 翟凯, 余晖. 低合金化Mg-Ag镁空气电池阳极材料的电化学行为和放电性能[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(6): 837-847.
[7] 刘子儒, 郭乾应, 张虹雨, 刘永长. V添加对Ti2AlNb合金组织演变及硬度的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(6): 848-856.
[8] 宋逸思, 廖瑜, 李传维, 陈益华, 顾剑锋. 逆转变奥氏体对0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢低温冲击韧性的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(5): 687-698.
[9] 杨明辉, 李星吾, 孙崇昊, 阮莹. 定向凝固与固态相变双联协控下Monel K-500合金的组织和力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(4): 561-571.
[10] 蒋斌, 张昂, 宋江凤, 黎田, 游国强, 郑江, 潘复生. 镁合金一体化压铸缺陷控制[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(3): 383-396.
[11] 黄科, 李新志, 方学伟, 卢秉恒. 镁合金电弧熔丝增材制造技术研究现状与展望[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(3): 397-419.
[12] 戴进财, 闵小华, 辛社伟, 刘凤金. 间隙元素OβTi-15Mo合金超低温力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(2): 243-252.
[13] 王旗涛, 李艳芬, 张家榕, 李尧志, 付海阳, 李新乐, 严伟, 单以银. 聚变增殖包层用低活化9Cr-ODS钢的室温低周疲劳行为[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(2): 323-335.
[14] 郭星星, 帅美荣, 楚志兵, 李玉贵, 谢广明. 不锈钢复合钢筋近界面微观组织演变及元素扩散动力学[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(2): 336-348.
[15] 吴文伟, 向超, 张涛, 邹志航, 孙勇飞, 刘金鹏, 张涛, 韩恩厚. 热处理工艺对选区激光熔化成型18Ni300马氏体时效钢微观组织及力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(10): 1515-1530.