逆转变奥氏体对<strong>0Cr16Ni5Mo1</strong>超级马氏体不锈钢低温冲击韧性的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00100

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (5): 687-698 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00100

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

逆转变奥氏体对0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢低温冲击韧性的影响

宋逸思¹^,², 廖瑜¹, 李传维¹^,²(

), 陈益华¹, 顾剑锋¹^,²(

)

1 上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院材料改性与数值模拟研究所上海 200240
2 上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海市激光制造与材料改性重点实验室上海 200240

Effects of Reversed Austenite on the Cryogenic Impact Toughness of 0Cr16Ni5Mo1 Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

SONG Yisi¹^,², LIAO Yu¹, LI Chuanwei¹^,²(

), CHEN Yihua¹, GU Jianfeng¹^,²(

)

1 Institute of Materials Modification and Modelling, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

宋逸思, 廖瑜, 李传维, 陈益华, 顾剑锋. 逆转变奥氏体对0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢低温冲击韧性的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(5): 687-698.
Yisi SONG, Yu LIAO, Chuanwei LI, Yihua CHEN, Jianfeng GU. Effects of Reversed Austenite on the Cryogenic Impact Toughness of 0Cr16Ni5Mo1 Super Martensitic Stainless Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(5): 687-698.

全文: PDF(5319 KB) HTML

摘要:

逆转变奥氏体对超级马氏体不锈钢的韧塑性协同具有重要作用，其热稳定性和含量的调控是提高材料低温韧性的关键。本工作以0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢为研究对象，测试了淬火+回火(QT)和淬火+临界区退火+回火(QIT)工艺处理后的室温力学性能以及-196 ℃低温冲击韧性，利用热膨胀仪研究热处理过程中的逆相变行为，利用XRD、EBSD和TEM表征显微组织，深入研究了逆转变奥氏体对低温冲击韧性的影响。结果表明，0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢经1100 ℃淬火可以得到全马氏体组织；直接进行620 ℃回火后的QT试样在马氏体板条界面处形成体积分数为16.4%的逆转变奥氏体，经-196 ℃深冷处理后逆转变奥氏体的体积分数下降至5.0%，低温冲击韧性仅有36.4 J/cm²，表现为准解理断裂。QIT工艺热处理过程中，680 ℃临界区退火后的室温组织主要由贫Ni的回火马氏体和富Ni的新鲜马氏体组成，经后续620 ℃回火可形成体积分数为23.8%的逆转变奥氏体，与QT试样相比，室温下塑性提升了6%，而强度仅降低7%。临界区退火使得后续回火过程中形成的逆转变奥氏体内平均Ni含量提高至13% (质量分数)，具有更优异的热稳定性，经-196 ℃处理后仍有18.3% (体积分数)的逆转变奥氏体可以稳定存在。这部分逆转变奥氏体在冲击过程中会发生马氏体相变而吸收冲击能量，使经过QIT工艺处理后的0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢在-196 ℃拥有高达115.4 J/cm²的冲击韧性，其冲击断口以韧窝为主，同时存在少许准解理形貌，呈混合断裂模式。

关键词 ：超级马氏体不锈钢, 低温冲击韧性, 逆转变奥氏体, 临界区退火

Abstract：

The reversed austenite obtained through a tempering process can effectively improve the toughness and ductility of super martensitic stainless steel (SMSS). Overcoming the trade-off between thermal stability and quantity of the reversed austenite is the key to improving the cryogenic impact toughness of SMSS. In this study, the mechanical properties at room temperature and cryogenic impact toughness at -196 ^oC of 0Cr16Ni5Mo1 SMSS after quenching and tempering (QT) were investigated, along with quenching, intercritical annealing, and tempering (QIT) processes. Reverse transformation behavior during the heat treatment was studied using a thermal dilatometer, and the microstructure evolution was characterized by XRD, EBSD, and TEM. Additionally, the effect of reversed austenite on cryogenic impact toughness was extensively analyzed. The results showed that full martensite was obtained in 0Cr16Ni5Mo1 SMSS after quenching at 1100 ^oC. The volume fraction of reversed austenite in the QT samples tempered at 620 ^oC was found to be 16.4%, which decreased to 5.0% after cryogenic treatment with liquid nitrogen, and the cryogenic impact toughness of the QT samples was obtained to be only 36.4 J/cm². The microstructure of samples after intercritical annealing at 680 ^oC mainly consisted of Ni-poor tempered martensite and Ni-rich fresh martensite. Furthermore, the volume fraction of reversed austenite in the QIT samples increased to 23.8% during the subsequent tempering process at 620 ^oC while the plasticity increased by 6% and the strength decreased by 7% at room temperature. The average Ni content of reversed austenite in the QIT samples reached 13% (mass fraction), which considerably improved the thermal stability of reversed austenite. Moreover, ~18.3% (volume fraction) reversed austenite remained stable in QIT samples at -196 ^oC, thereby substantially improving the cryogenic impact toughness to 115.4 J/cm² by absorbing the impact energy through transformation into martensite. The impact fracture of the QIT samples was dominated by dimples, but there remained a little quasicleavage morphology indicating a mixed fracture mode.

Key words： super martensitic stainless steel cryogenic impact toughness reversed austenite intercritical annealing

收稿日期: 2023-03-09

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52171042);国家科技重大专项项目(J2019-VI-0004-0117)

通讯作者: 李传维，li-chuanwei@sjtu.edu.cn，主要从事金属材料热处理及其数值模拟的研究；
顾剑锋，gujf@sjtu.edu.cn，主要从事材料微观结构和力学行为的多尺度模拟及其工程应用研究

Corresponding author: LI Chuanwei, associate professor, Tel: (021)34201934, E-mail: li-chuanwei@sjtu.edu.cn;
GU Jianfeng, professor, Tel: (021)34203743, E-mail: gujf@sjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 宋逸思，男，1994年生，博士

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图1 淬火+回火(QT)和淬火+临界区退火+回火(QIT)热处理工艺示意图

图2 不同热处理条件下0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢显微组织的SEM像

图3 0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢淬火态试样与QT试样显微组织的TEM分析

图4 淬火+临界区退火(QI)试样与QIT试样显微组织的TEM分析

图5 不同热处理条件下0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢室温组织的XRD谱

图6 不同热处理条件下0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢的工程应力-应变曲线

图7 不同热处理条件下0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢室温与液氮温度下的示波冲击曲线

图8 不同热处理条件下0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢在室温与液氮温度下的冲击功

表1 不同热处理条件下0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢的力学性能

图9 QT和QIT试样在室温和液氮温度下冲击断口形貌的SEM像

图10 QT与QIT试样的热膨胀曲线

图11 在620和680 ℃时0Cr16Ni5Mo1超级马氏体不锈钢中bcc相和fcc相的Gibbs自由能随Ni含量的变化曲线

图12 QT和QIT试样经液氮深冷后的XRD谱

图13 QT和QIT试样-196 ℃冲击断口纵截面的SEM像及不同区域的EBSD相图

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