热处理工艺对选区激光熔化成型18Ni300马氏体时效钢微观组织演变及力学性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00009

金属学报 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00009

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热处理工艺对选区激光熔化成型18Ni300马氏体时效钢微观组织演变及力学性能的影响

吴文伟¹,向超²,张涛²,邹志航²,孙勇飞¹,²,刘金鹏²,张涛¹,韩恩厚^2,3

1 广州大学物理与材料科学学院广州 510006

2 广东腐蚀科学与技术创新研究院广州 510530

3 华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院广州 510641

Effect of Heat Treatment Process on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of 18Ni300 Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

WU Wenwei ^1,2, XIANG Chao ², ZHANG Tao ², ZOU Zhihang ², SUN Yongfei ^1,2, LIU Jinpeng ², ZHANG Tao ¹, HAN En-Hou ^2,3

1 School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

2 Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510530, China

3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

引用本文:

吴文伟向超张涛邹志航孙勇飞刘金鹏张涛韩恩厚. 热处理工艺对选区激光熔化成型18Ni300马氏体时效钢微观组织演变及力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00009.

全文: PDF(6351 KB)

摘要: 近年来，18Ni300马氏体时效钢在增材制造随形冷却模具中得到了广泛应用，模具使用寿命的要求也进一步提高，而热处理工艺是决定打印件组织性能否满足服役要求的重要因素。本文研究了直接时效和固溶时效两种典型热处理工艺对选区激光熔化成型18Ni300马氏体时效钢微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：打印态、直接时效态和固溶时效态试样中均存在奥氏体，且与马氏体基体存在经典Nishiyama-Wassermann取向关系。打印态试样的元素分布均匀，存在明显的熔池结构和胞状组织，胞状组织由位错缠结形成，在晶界处存在少量长条状的奥氏体。直接时效处理后胞状组织和熔池结构发生部分溶解，Ni在部分晶界和胞壁处富集，具有较高含量的奥氏体。固溶时效处理后获得近全马氏体组织，元素分布均匀，胞状组织和熔池结构基本消失，Ni在部分晶界处富集，存在微量奥氏体。打印态试样的奥氏体无明显化学成分偏析，为残余奥氏体；而直接时效态和固溶时效态试样的奥氏体存在Ni富集，为逆转奥氏体。时效处理使Ni在部分晶界和胞壁处富集，Ni富集促进逆转奥氏体生成并使其稳定存在。此外，直接时效和固溶时效处理后基体析出大量棒状Ni3Ti金属间化合物，强度提升，直接时效处理后屈服强度可达1854 ± 13.2 MPa，固溶时效处理后屈服强度可达2059 ± 9.9 MPa。打印态试样的强度主要由马氏体相变强化和固溶强化贡献，直接时效态和固溶时效态试样的强度主要由马氏体相变强化、固溶强化和析出强化贡献，且固溶时效态试样具有更强的析出强化效果，这主要是由于固溶时效态试样的析出相具有更高的密度和长径比。

关键词 ：增材制造, 马氏体时效钢, 微观组织, 热处理, 奥氏体

Abstract：In recent years, 18Ni300 maraging steel has been widely used in conformal cooling molds produced by additive manufacturing. The requirements for the service life of these molds have been further improved, heat treatment plays an imperative role in determining whether the microstructures and properties of the printed parts can meet the service requirements or not. This paper studied the effects of two typical heat treatment processes, direct aging and solution aging, on the microstructure and tensile properties of 18Ni300 maraging steel fabricated by selective laser melting. The results showed that austenite exists in all specimens and there is a classical Nishiyama-Wassermann orientation relationship between the austenite and the martensitic matrix in the as-built, direct aging, and solution aging samples. The chemical elements of as-built sample are evenly distributed, there are obvious molten pool structure and cell structure, which is mainly composed of dislocation entanglement, and a small number of long strips of austenite located at the grain boundary. After direct aging, the cell structure and molten pool structure are partly dissolved, and Ni is enriched at some grain boundaries. The content of austenite in the direct aging specimen is relatively high. After solution aging, the nearly whole martensite structure is obtained, and the chemical elements are evenly distributed, almost all the cell structure and molten pool structure disappear. Ni is enriched at some grain boundaries, and trace amounts of austenite are still observed. The austenite of the as-built sample, which is the retained austenite, has no obvious chemical composition segregation. The austenite in the direct aging and solution aging samples displays Ni enrichment, which is proved to be the reverted austenite. The cell wall dissolves after aging treatments, resulting in Ni enrichment at certain grain boundaries and cell walls. The Ni enrichment promotes the reverted austenite formation and enhances its stability. In addition, a large number of round rod-shaped Ni3Ti intermetallic compounds precipitated from the matrix after direct aging and solution aging treatments, which greatly increases the strength, with a yield strength of 1854 ± 13.2 MPa after direct aging treatment and 2059 ± 9.9 MPa after solution aging treatment. The strength of the as-built sample is mainly contributed by martensitic phase transformation and solid solution strengthening. The strength of the direct aging and solution aging specimens is mainly contributed by martensitic phase transformation, solid solution strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. Moreover, the solution aging specimens have higher precipitation strengthening, which can be mainly ascribed to the precipitates of the solution aging specimens presenting higher density and length-diameter ratio.

Key words： Additive manufacturing Maraging steel Microstructure Heat treatment process Austenite

收稿日期: 2024-01-12

ZTFLH:

TG142.1+5

基金资助:广东腐蚀科学与技术创新研究院青年创新基金

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y0/V/I/0

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