γ-TiAl合金在700 ℃空气中的长时高温氧化行为和组织演变

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00443

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (8): 1217-1228 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00443

研究论文

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γ-TiAl合金在700 ℃空气中的长时高温氧化行为和组织演变

周志春¹^,², 刘仁慈¹(

), 张建达¹^,³, 杨超⁴, 崔玉友¹, 杨锐¹

^1.中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016
^2.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016
^3.沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110870
^4.中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司上海 200241

Long-Term Oxidation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of γ-TiAl Alloys at 700 ^oC in Air

ZHOU Zhichun¹^,², LIU Renci¹(

), ZHANG Jianda¹^,³, YANG Chao⁴, CUI Yuyou¹, YANG Rui¹

^1.Shi -changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
^3.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
^4.AECC Commercial Aero-Engine Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China

引用本文:

周志春, 刘仁慈, 张建达, 杨超, 崔玉友, 杨锐. γ-TiAl合金在700 ℃空气中的长时高温氧化行为和组织演变[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(8): 1217-1228.
Zhichun ZHOU, Renci LIU, Jianda ZHANG, Chao YANG, Yuyou CUI, Rui YANG. Long-Term Oxidation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of γ-TiAl Alloys at 700 ^oC in Air[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(8): 1217-1228.

全文: PDF(4180 KB) HTML

摘要:

γ-TiAl合金长期服役于高温环境中，其表面氧化和组织演变会影响合金部件的力学性能。因此，研究γ-TiAl合金在高温条件下的氧化行为至关重要。本工作研究了γ-TiAl铸造合金Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-1B (45XD合金)和Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr (4822合金)在700 ℃空气中的长时等温氧化行为和组织演变。结果表明，4822合金的氧化增重和氧化膜增厚明显大于45XD合金。在0~2000 h内2种合金均表现出周期性氧化增重行为，即快速增长后缓慢增长交替进行，后期2者的氧化速率保持稳定。2种合金样品表面均形成了以表层TiO₂和Al₂O₃为主，靠近基体处为Ti/Al-N和富Nb/Mn(Cr)的分层氧化膜。45XD合金表面氧化产物细小致密，而4822合金表面氧化产物粗大疏松，内部存在微孔，且γ晶界处的大尺寸α₂相氧化严重，因此4822合金的抗高温氧化性能较差。受合金元素扩散的影响，45XD合金亚表层组织中的α₂片层发生分解：α₂→γ，在亚表层形成了一层富Al贫Ti的γ区；45XD合金内部组织中的α₂片层也部分转变为γ相，并且γ片层不断粗化。在4822合金内部组织中，γ晶粒内的α₂和晶界处的α₂ + β₀体积分数明显下降。

关键词 ： γ-TiAl合金, 等温氧化, 增重, 分层氧化膜, 组织稳定性

Abstract：

γ-TiAl alloys are a new generation of high-temperature lightweight materials characterized by low density, high specific modulus of elasticity, excellent high-temperature strength, and creep resistance, making them highly suitable for aviation, aerospace, and automotive engine applications. A typical application of the alloys is in the low-pressure turbine blades of aero-engines, such as GEnx and Trent XWB developed by the General Electric and Rolls-Royce, respectively. Their alloy compositions are Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb and Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-1B (atomic fraction, %), respectively. γ-TiAl alloys are required for long-term service at 600-700 ^oC; however, they react readily with oxygen to form oxide scale when exposed in air at high temperatures, compromising service safety and reliability. Thus, understanding the long-term oxidation behavior of γ-TiAl alloys during service at high temperatures is imperative. In this study, the oxide scale and microstructural evolution of cast Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-1B alloy (45XD alloy) and Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr alloy (4822 alloy) at 700 ^oC in air for 0-2000 h were investigated using SEM and TEM. The mass gain of both alloys was measured during oxidation, and their oxidation behaviors were compared. The 4822 alloy exhibited a notably higher mass gain than the 45XD alloy. Both alloys demonstrated periodic mass gain behavior during oxidation for 0-2000 h—alternating rapid and slow gains—with stabilization in the later stages. The oxide scales formed layered structures, primarily of TiO₂ and Al₂O₃, on the surface of both alloys; the scale of 45XD alloy was continuous and dense, whereas that of the 4822 alloy was porous. Additionally, the study revealed that α₂ lamellae in the subsurface of the 45XD alloy decomposed during oxidation, forming an Al-rich and Ti-lean γ zone on the subsurface. α₂ lamellae in the bulk microstructure of the 45XD alloy were also decomposed and transformed into γ phase. The 4822 alloy experienced a significant reduction in the volume fractions of α₂ in equiaxed γ grains and α₂ + β₀ at equiaxed γ grain boundaries.

Key words： γ-TiAl alloy isothermal oxidation mass gain layered oxide scale microstructural stability

收稿日期: 2023-11-13

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:云南省重大科技专项项目(202302AB080009);中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划项目(YSBR-025);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3702605);国家科技重大专项项目(J2019-VII-0002-0142)

通讯作者: 刘仁慈，rcliu@imr.ac.cn，主要从事钛铝合金及其部件研究

Corresponding author: LIU Renci, professor, Tel: (024)83970951, E-mail: rcliu@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 周志春，男，1998年生，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00443 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V61/I8/1217

图1 45XD和4822合金铸件初始组织的OM像

图2 45XD和4822合金在700 ℃空气中的恒温氧化动力学曲线和氧化膜厚度

表1 45XD和4822合金氧化动力学曲线分段和平均氧化增重速率

图3 45XD和4822合金样品在700 ℃空气中氧化不同时间后的表面XRD谱

图4 45XD和4822合金样品氧化不同时间后的表面形貌

表2 45XD和4822合金样品表面氧化产物化学成分分析 (atomic fraction / %)

图5 45XD和4822合金样品700 ℃空气中氧化不同时间后截面显微组织的背散射电子(BSE)像

图6 45XD合金样品的初始显微组织及700 ℃氧化2000 h后的显微组织

图7 4822合金样品初始显微组织及700 ℃氧化2000 h后的显微组织

图8 45XD合金样品在700 ℃空气中氧化不同时间后反应界面的显微组织及元素分布

图9 4822合金样品在700 ℃空气中氧化不同时间后反应界面的显微组织及元素分布

图10 45XD和4822合金在700 ℃空气中的氧化膜形成和亚表面组织演变示意图

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