拉伸变形对高氮奥氏体不锈钢显微组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00504

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (2): 193-205 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00504

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

拉伸变形对高氮奥氏体不锈钢显微组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响

郑椿¹, 刘嘉斌²(

), 江来珠¹, 杨成¹, 姜美雪¹

^1.福建青拓特钢技术研究有限公司宁德 355006
^2.浙江大学材料科学与工程学院杭州 310027

Effect of Tensile Deformation on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels

ZHENG Chun¹, LIU Jiabin²(

), JIANG Laizhu¹, YANG Cheng¹, JIANG Meixue¹

^1.Fujian Tsingtuo Special Steel Technology and Research Co. , Ltd. , Ningde 355006, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

引用本文:

郑椿, 刘嘉斌, 江来珠, 杨成, 姜美雪. 拉伸变形对高氮奥氏体不锈钢显微组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(2): 193-205.
Chun ZHENG, Jiabin LIU, Laizhu JIANG, Cheng YANG, Meixue JIANG. Effect of Tensile Deformation on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(2): 193-205.

全文: PDF(5283 KB) HTML

摘要:

对高氮奥氏体不锈钢QN1803和常规奥氏体不锈钢304进行了不同形变量的拉伸实验，通过EBSD、XRD和TEM分析了其形变组织和强韧化机制。采用电化学工作站、酸性介质腐蚀实验和OM、SEM分析了不同拉伸形变量下的耐腐蚀性能和腐蚀机理。随着拉伸形变量的增加，QN1803和304不锈钢的微观组织均出现由位错塞积到α'马氏体的转变。QN1803不锈钢的屈服强度比304不锈钢提高了26%，延伸率降低了约6.6%，其原因是QN1803不锈钢中N含量高、30%冷变形后产生50%马氏体所对应的温度(M_d30)较低，拉伸过程中产生的形变马氏体含量低于304不锈钢，相变增韧效应不如304不锈钢充分。拉伸形变对QN1803和304不锈钢的晶间腐蚀影响不大，但其耐点腐蚀能力、耐硫酸腐蚀能力均有下降，其中QN1803不锈钢下降的幅度明显小于304不锈钢。主要原因是形变马氏体导致不锈钢表面钝化膜破坏和稳定性下降，使钝化膜在腐蚀中处于不稳定的溶解-生成状态，从而降低了形变后的耐腐蚀性能。总体而言，提高奥氏体不锈钢的N含量能够节约Ni元素的使用，大幅提高不锈钢屈服强度，略微损害延伸率，但显著提升拉伸形变条件下的耐点蚀和耐硫酸腐蚀性能。

关键词 ：高氮奥氏体不锈钢, 拉伸形变, 形变马氏体, 点腐蚀, 晶间腐蚀, 硫酸腐蚀

Abstract：

Nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel QN1803 (2.0%Ni-3.5%Ni) has been developed to replace the conventional 304 stainless steel (8%Ni). Both the microstructure and the corrosion resistance of both types of stainless steels in the annealed state have been extensively studied, whereas those in the cold strained state have not been studied sufficiently. The aforementioned stainless steels often undergo cold forming processes during industrial applications, such as straightening, leveling, and bending, etc., which may lead to the changes of microstructure and corrosion resistances as well as the performance. In this study, the tensile tests were performed with different tensile strains for both nitrogen-alloyed QN1803 and the conventional 304 stainless steels. The microstructure and strengthening, as well as the toughening mechanisms were investigated using EBSD, XRD, and TEM. The corrosion resistance and its mechanism under different tensile strains were evaluated and analyzed via electrochemical workstation, acid corrosion tests, OM, and SEM. Notably, the microstructures of both QN1803 and 304 stainless steels are changed from dislocation plugging to α' martensite with the increase in tensile strain. The yield strength of QN1803 stainless steel is 26% higher, while its elongation is 6.6% lower than that of 304 stainless steels, respectively. This could be attributed to both the higher nitrogen content and the lower transition temperature of 50% martensite induced by 30% strain (M_d30) for QN1803 stainless steel as compared with that for 304 stainless steel. As a result, the volume fraction of the strain-induced martensite for QN1803 stainless steel under tensile strain is lower, leading to the lower toughening effect than that of 304 stainless steel. Interestingly, the experiments show that the tensile strain has a minor effect on the intergranular corrosion whereas noticeably negative effect on both the pitting and the sulfuric acid corrosion resistances of both stainless steels. Not surprisingly, 304 stainless steel undergoes a more remarkable decrease in both the pitting and the sulfuric acid corrosion resistances with the increase in tensile strain as compared with QN1803 stainless steel. This could be well understood since martensite could lead to the destruction or deterioration of the passive film on the stainless steel surface, producing an unstable dissolution-generation state during corrosion, thus reducing the corrosion resistance after tensile deformation. In conclusion, the yield strength is enhanced, ductility is slightly impaired, and both the pitting and the sulfuric acid corrosion resistances under tensile deformation are improved by nitrogen alloying. Based on these technical advantages, together with the nickel saving effect, QN1803 stainless steel has been applied in various industrial areas, such as building, construction, and home appliance, etc.

Key words： high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel tensile deformation deformation martensite pitting corrosion intergranular corrosion sulfuric acid corrosion

收稿日期: 2021-11-21

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助:福建省科技重大专项项目(2017HZ0001-3)

作者简介: 郑椿，1993年生，硕士生

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表1 QN1803和304不锈钢化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 QN1803不锈钢不同拉伸形变量下的EBSD像(a) as-annealed (b) 10% tensile strain (c) 20% tensile strain (d) as-fractured state

图2 304不锈钢不同拉伸形变量下的EBSD像(a) as-annealed (b) 10% tensile strain (c) 20% tensile strain (d) as-fractured state

图3 冷轧退火态QN1803和304不锈钢的室温拉伸应力-应变曲线

表2 冷轧退火态QN1803和304不锈钢的室温拉伸力学性能

表3 QN1803和304不锈钢不同拉伸形变下的耐腐蚀性能对比

图4 QN1803不锈钢不同拉伸形变量下的XRD谱

图5 冷轧退火态QN1803不锈钢显微组织的TEM像(a) grain boundary (b) stacking fault

图6 拉伸形变量为10%时QN1803不锈钢显微组织的TEM像

图7 拉伸形变量为20%时QN1803不锈钢显微组织的TEM像

图8 QN1803不锈钢拉伸断裂显微组织的TEM像

表4 QN1803和304不锈钢的堆垛层错能(γSF)、形变量30%时产生50%马氏体的转变温度(Md30)

图9 QN1803和304不锈钢不同拉伸形变量下的马氏体和孪晶界含量

图10 拉伸形变量为20%和断裂状态时304不锈钢显微组织的TEM像

图11 QN1803和304不锈钢不同拉伸形变量下的极化曲线

图12 QN1803和304不锈钢不同拉伸形变量下的DL-EPR曲线

图13 冷轧退火态和断裂时QN1803和304不锈钢晶间腐蚀形貌的OM像

图14 QN1803和304不锈钢不同拉伸形变量下的晶间腐蚀速率

图15 冷轧退火态和断裂时QN1803和304不锈钢硫酸腐蚀表面形貌的SEM像

图16 QN1803和304不锈钢不同拉伸形变量下的硫酸腐蚀速率

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