高Fe、Cr含量多相Ni<sub>3</sub>Al基高温合金组织与性能研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00137

金属学报

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (1): 21-35 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00137

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高Fe、Cr含量多相Ni₃Al基高温合金组织与性能研究进展

吴静,刘永长(

),李冲,伍宇婷,夏兴川,李会军

天津大学材料科学与工程学院水利安全与仿真国家重点实验室天津 300354

Recent Progress of Microstructure Evolution and Performance of Multiphase Ni3Al-Based Intermetallic Alloy with High Fe and Cr Contents

WU Jing,LIU Yongchang(

),LI Chong,WU Yuting,XIA Xingchuan,LI Huijun

State Key Lab of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China

引用本文:

吴静,刘永长,李冲,伍宇婷,夏兴川,李会军. 高Fe、Cr含量多相Ni₃Al基高温合金组织与性能研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(1): 21-35.
Jing WU, Yongchang LIU, Chong LI, Yuting WU, Xingchuan XIA, Huijun LI. Recent Progress of Microstructure Evolution and Performance of Multiphase Ni3Al-Based Intermetallic Alloy with High Fe and Cr Contents[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(1): 21-35.

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摘要:

Ni₃Al基高温合金因其较高的承温能力、优异的高温抗氧化/耐蚀性、较低的密度及生产成本，拥有广阔的应用前景而受到了大量的关注。Ni₃Al基高温合金进一步的推广应用迫切需要在确保可焊性的同时提高其热强性，在此背景下，本文首先简要阐述了在Ni₃Al基高温合金的成分设计中，Fe、Cr组元的添加可有效改善Ni₃Al基高温合金的相组成及焊接性能。针对可焊性优异的合金成分调整，进一步分析了一种高Fe、Cr元素添加Ni₃Al基高温合金凝固过程的多相转变特征，对其在不同高温冷却、高温退火、长期时效工艺下的多相组织(γ'+γ两相、枝晶间β相、γ'包覆层等)演变规律进行了总结，并探讨了复杂组织变量(初生γ'相尺寸、β相形态、β内相演化、γ'包覆层宽化)对其蠕变行为的影响。最后，总结了多相Ni₃Al基高温合金连接工艺的最新研究进展，并对多相Ni₃Al基高温合金的进一步发展进行了展望。

关键词 ：高温合金, Ni₃Al基, 成分设计, 热处理, 组织演变, 蠕变行为

Abstract：

Owing to the high temperature resistance, excellent high temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance, low density and production cost, Ni₃Al-based intermetallic alloys have broad applications and attract much attention. In order to widen the application field of the Ni₃Al-based superalloy, it is urgently important to improve the high-temperature performance on the basis of good weldability. Under this background, in the composition design of Ni₃Al alloy, the high Fe and Cr contents can effectively enhance the phase composition and weldability of Ni₃Al-based intermetallic alloys. Based on this, the microstructural characterization and phase separation sequences during solidification of a newly designed multiphase Ni₃Al-based intermetallic alloy modified with high Fe and Cr elements are analyzed. On account of the typical solidification structure of the multiphase Ni₃Al-based intermetallic alloy comprising γ'+γ dendrite, interdendritic β and γ'-envelope, etc., the microstructural evolutions of the alloy under different solution cooling rates, high temperature annealing, and long-term ageing processes are summarized. The effects of its corresponding complex microstructural variables (size of primary γ' phase, morphology of β, phase evolution in the interior of β, widening of γ'-envelope) on the creep behaviors of the multiphase Ni₃Al-based intermetallic alloy are systematically discussed. Recent advances in welding and joining of multiphase Ni₃Al-based intermetallic alloy are summarized, and the development of multiphase Ni₃Al-based intermetallic alloy is also prospected.

Key words： superalloy Ni₃Al-based composition design heat treatment microstructural evolution creep behavior

收稿日期: 2019-04-29

ZTFLH:

TG113.12

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51474156);国家自然科学基金项目(51604193);国家自然科学基金项目(U1660201);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2015AA042504)

作者简介: 吴静，女，1990年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00137 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2020/V56/I1/21

图1 一种新型多相Ni3Al基高温合金铸态组织的SEM像

图2 多相Ni3Al基高温合金枝晶干γ′+γ两相组织的TEM像和SAED花样

图3 多相Ni3Al基高温合金凝固过程中主要相析出顺序示意图

图4 枝晶干γ'+γ两相组织中初生及二次γ'相析出尺寸与冷速关系的拟合结果[73]

图5 经1200 ℃、10 h固溶处理后，不同冷却方式对枝晶间β相及内部析出相演变的影响[73]

图6 经1200 ℃、10 h固溶处理后空冷，β相中开始析出α-Cr相的HRTEM像[73]

图7 1160~1280 ℃、10 h范围内不同温度高温退火，对多相Ni3Al基高温合金中β相演变及800 ℃蠕变行为的影响[65]

Temperature ℃	Interdendritic β		Size of γ'+γ dendrite			Steady-state creep rate $ε ˙ s s$ %·h^-1	Creep strain to fracture ε_total / %	Creep rupture life t_total / h
Temperature ℃	Volume fraction %	Width μm	γ'_Ⅰ μm	γ μm	γ'_Ⅰ+γ μm	Steady-state creep rate $ε ˙ s s$ %·h^-1	Creep strain to fracture ε_total / %	Creep rupture life t_total / h
1280	20.83	37.55	0.91±0.17	0.09±0.03	1.00±0.20	0.00114	1.401	611
1240	20.44	18.58	0.77±0.10	0.07±0.03	0.84±0.13	0.00145	1.736	626
1200	19.43	14.70	0.70±0.14	0.06±0.02	0.76±0.16	0.00175	2.398	643
1160	20.06	10.73	0.64±0.10	0.05±0.02	0.69±0.12	0.00203	3.212	665
As-cast	19.37	7.68	0.48±0.08	0.04±0.02	0.52±0.10	0.00607	2.094	194

表1 多相Ni3Al基高温合金经1160~1280 ℃、10 h不同温度高温退火后组织参数及相应800 ℃、200 MPa蠕变性能数据[65]

图8 铸态合金经800 ℃、1000 h时效并在800 ℃、220 MPa蠕变断裂后，试样近断口处γ'+γ两相组织内形成R型γ'筏状结构的SEM像

图9 铸态合金经800 ℃时效1 h后枝晶间β相内析出的交叉针片状γ'相形貌

图10 1200 ℃、10 h退火试样800 ℃长期时效时γ'相包覆层组织宽化示意图

图11 1200 ℃、10 h退火态试样经800 ℃、200 MPa蠕变断裂后，枝晶干γ′+γ两相组织内位错形态

图12 1200 ℃、10 h退火试样在800 ℃、1000 h长期时效，并经800 ℃、220 MPa蠕变断裂后近断口组织中裂纹的萌生与扩展

图13 1200 ℃、10 h退火态试样在800 ℃、1000 h长期时效，并经800 ℃、220 MPa蠕变断裂后的断口组织

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