Effects of Trace Aluminum and Titanium on High Temper-ature Oxidation Behavior of Inconel 690 Alloy

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00061

Acta Metall Sin

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (12): 1547-1558 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00061

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Effects of Trace Aluminum and Titanium on High Temper-ature Oxidation Behavior of Inconel 690 Alloy

XU Wenguo¹^,², HAO Wenjiang³, LI Yingju¹(

), ZHAO Qingbin³, LU Bingyu¹^,², GUO Heyi³, LIU Tianyu¹^,², FENG Xiaohui¹, YANG Yuansheng¹(

)

¹Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
²School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
³China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100840, China

Cite this article:

XU Wenguo, HAO Wenjiang, LI Yingju, ZHAO Qingbin, LU Bingyu, GUO Heyi, LIU Tianyu, FENG Xiaohui, YANG Yuansheng. Effects of Trace Aluminum and Titanium on High Temper-ature Oxidation Behavior of Inconel 690 Alloy. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(12): 1547-1558.

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Abstract

Inconel 690 alloy is a nickel-based alloy with a high chromium content that provides excellent oxidation and corrosion resistances. The high oxidation resistances of the alloy is attributed to the protective Cr₂O₃ that forms during oxidation, which prevents the outward diffusion of alloy elements and the inward diffusion of oxygen. However, when the temperature exceeds 1000^oC, the volatilization and spallation of the Cr₂O₃ oxide scale severely reduce the oxidation resistance of the Inconel 690 alloy. The addition of trace active elements is an effective way to improve the oxidation resistance of superalloys; however, the effects of these elements on the oxidation behavior and mechanism of the Inconel 690 alloy remain unclear. In this study, the oxidation behavior of Inconel 690 alloys with varying contents of Al and Ti elements was systematically studied through oxidation kinetics, morphology observation, and element analysis. In addition, the effects of Al, Ti, and their coadditions on the oxidation behavior and mechanism of the Inconel 690 alloy were investigated. The results indicate that the addition of Al reduces the oxidation mass gain and improves the oxidation resistance of the Inconel 690 alloy. Moreover, the addition of Al and Ti accelerates the oxidation rate of the alloy at 850^oC, but retards it at 1000 and 1200^oC. The positive influence of Al addition can be attributed to the fact that Al₂O₃ particles precipitated at the grain boundary hinder the diffusion of Cr³⁺ along the grain boundary. The slow diffusion of Cr³⁺ inhibits the growth of the Cr₂O₃ oxide scale and reduces the number of holes in the alloy. As a result, the oxidation resistance of the alloy increases owing to the decrease in the oxidation rate and the increase in adhesion between the oxide scale and the substrate. When Al and Ti are added, Ti⁴⁺, which acts as a high-valence ion, is doped into the Cr₂O₃ scale, promoting the outward diffusion of Cr³⁺ and accelerating the oxidation rate of the alloy at lower temperatures (850^oC). However, during oxidation, Ti tends to converge toward the surface of the Cr₂O₃ scale and form a nonvolatile Ti-rich oxide layer. The formation of this layer inhibits the volatilization and peeling of Cr₂O₃, thereby increasing the oxidation resistance of the Inconel 690 alloy at 1000 and 1200^oC.

Key words: Inconel 690 alloy high temperature oxidation trace element diffusion oxide scale spallation

Received: 22 March 2023

ZTFLH:

TG172.3

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51831007);Applied Basic Research Programs of Liaoning Province(2023JH2/101300142)

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	Articles by authors
	XU Wenguo
	HAO Wenjiang
	LI Yingju
	ZHAO Qingbin
	LU Bingyu
	GUO Heyi
	LIU Tianyu
	FENG Xiaohui
	YANG Yuansheng

URL:

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00061 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2023/V59/I12/1547

Table 1 Chemical compositions of 690, 690-Al, and 690-(Al, Ti) alloys

Fig.1 OM (a-c) and SEM (d-f) images of forged 690 (a, d), 690-Al (b, e), and 690-(Al, Ti) (c, f) alloys

Fig.2 Mass gain curves of 690, 690-Al, and 690-(Al, Ti) alloys oxidized at 850^oC (a), 1000^oC (b), and 1200^oC (c) for 100 h

Table 2 Oxidation resistance levels of 690, 690-Al, and 690-(Al, Ti) alloys at 850, 1000, and 1200^oC

Fig.3 Surface SEM images of oxide scales of 690 (a, d, g), 690-Al (b, e, h), and 690-(Al, Ti) (c, f, i) alloys after oxidation at 850^oC (a-c), 1000^oC (d-f), and 1200^oC (g-i) for 100 h

Fig.4 XRD spectra of 690, 690-Al, and 690-(Al, Ti) alloys oxidized at 850^oC (a), 1000^oC (b), and 1200^oC (c) for 100 h

Fig.5 Cross-sectional SEM images and corresponding EDS elemental maps of oxide scale on 690 (a), 690-Al (b), and 690-(Al, Ti) (c) alloys after oxidation at 850^oC for 100 h

Fig.6 Cross-sectional SEM images and corresponding EDS elemental maps of oxide scale on 690 (a), 690-Al (b), 690-(Al, Ti) (c) alloys after oxidation at 1000^oC for 100 h

Fig.7 Cross-sectional SEM images and corresponding EDS elemental maps of oxide scale on 690 (a), 690-Al (b), 690-(Al, Ti) (c) alloys after oxidation at 1200^oC for 100 h

Fig.8 Cr concentration profiles of 690 (a1-a3), 690-Al (b1-b3), and 690-(Al, Ti) (c1-c3) alloys after oxidation at 850^oC (a1-c1), 1000^oC (a2-c2), and 1200^oC (a3-c3) for 100 h

Fig.9 Schematics of Al and Ti addition to the volatilization and spallation resistance of oxide scale

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