Combustion Behavior of GH4061 Alloy in High Pressure and Oxygen-Enriched Atmosphere

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00551

Acta Metall Sin

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (4): 547-555 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00551

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Combustion Behavior of GH4061 Alloy in High Pressure and Oxygen-Enriched Atmosphere

CAO Shuting¹^,², ZHANG Shaohua¹(

), ZHANG Jian¹(

)

¹Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
²School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

Cite this article:

CAO Shuting, ZHANG Shaohua, ZHANG Jian. Combustion Behavior of GH4061 Alloy in High Pressure and Oxygen-Enriched Atmosphere. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(4): 547-555.

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Abstract

Liquid oxygen (LOX)/kerosene rocket engines are the main power system of heavy launch vehicles around the globe, and the turbine materials are usually exposed to elevated temperatures, high pressure, and oxygen-enriched environment in gas generators. Metal combustion may occur under these working conditions. GH4061 is a newly developed Ni-based superalloy that is used in turbine materials because of its excellent mechanical properties. However, its combustion resistance property has rarely been studied. Recently, several studies on metal combustion have been conducted, but they mainly focus on exploring the rules of metal combustion. Furthermore, the domestically promoted ignition-combustion (PIC) experiment equipment only supports the test under 2 MPa pressure, which has significantly limited the study of metal combustion at higher pressure. Therefore, the analysis of the metal combustion mechanism remains incomplete. In this study, the 3.5-25 MPa high pressure and oxygen-enriched combustion experiments of GH4061 alloy were performed on the basis of independently-developed PIC equipment with a maximum pressure of 25 MPa. A high-speed camera was used to observe and record the combustion process. The postcombustion microstructure was characterized using SEM and EDS, and the combustion product was identified using XRD. The length and rate of burning increase as the oxygen pressure increases. The critical burning pressure of GH4061 under 99.5% oxygen (when igniting at 25^oC) is about 5 MPa, according to ASTM-G124. After testing, the transition zone, melting zone, ignition interface, and oxide zone in the samples were characterized. The burning process is due to elements with a higher heat of combustion. During combustion, lower-density molten oxides float up to the melting zone. After testing, small O/Al/Ti-rich particles and large complex oxide particles with dendritic morphology were observed in the melting zone. The effect of oxygen pressure was analyzed using thermodynamics.

Key words: metal combustion high pressure oxygen-enriched superalloy combustion mechanism

Received: 31 October 2022

ZTFLH:

TG146.15

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52150233);Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRW-CN-2021-2-1)

Corresponding Authors: ZHANG Jian, professor, Tel: (024)23971196, E-mail: jianzhang@imr.ac.cn;ZHANG Shaohua, associate professor, Tel: (024)23748882, E-mail: zhangshaohua@imr.ac.cn

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00551 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2023/V59/I4/547

Fig.1 Experimental setup in PIC test chamber (a) and comparison of samples before and after combustion at different pressures (Inset shows the combustion zone) (b)

Fig.2 High-speed camera images of combustion process of GH4061 alloy in 3.5 MPa PIC test (PIC—promoted ignition-combustion)
(a, b) ignite the promoter (c-h) a burn-drop cycle (i-k) the end of burning

Fig.3 Length remaining (a) and burning rate (V) (b) of GH4061 alloys after PIC test at different pressures (P) (R²—correlation coefficient)

Fig.4 Cross sectional microstructures of combustion zone of GH4061 alloy after combustion at 7 MPa
(a) original alloy, transition zone, and melting zone (b) fine dendrites in transition zone (c) melting zone

Fig.5 Morphology and EDS elements distribution in oxide zone of combustion zone for GH4061 alloy after combustion at 7 MPa

Fig.6 Morphologies of spherical oxides in melting zone of combustion zone for GH4061 alloy after combustion at 7 MPa
(a) melting zone (b) large (> 6 μm) spherical oxide
(c) details in large spherical oxide (d) small (< 6 μm) spherical oxides

Fig.7 XRD spectra of combustion products of GH4061 alloys after combustion at 3.5, 7, and 25 MPa

Table 1 Heat of combustion of metal elements, and density and melting point of their oxides^[2]

Fig.8 Schematics of combustion process of GH4061 alloy (x₁—thickness of melting zone, x₂—thickness of oxide zone, T₁—flame temperature, T₂—combustion front temperature, T₃—transition zone temperature)
(a) combustion start (b) generation and movement of oxides (c) combustion stop

Fig.9 lnK^Θ as a function of T,andcomparison of lnK^Θ and lnJ within the experimental pressure range of O₂ (inset) of combustion reaction for GH4061 alloy (K^Θ—equilibrium constant, J—pressure quotient, T—temperature around the flame)

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