The superalloy is one of key metal materials, representing the level of scientific and technological development. Nickel-based superalloy is the most important which has been widely used for rotating component of aerospace. Nickel-based GH4169 alloy shows excellent combination properties including good fatigue property, excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, as well as the microstructure stability during long-term ageing. The using amount of GH4169 alloy is about 45% of total wrought superalloys. For satisfying high performance of aero-engine, both strength and ductility of GH4169 alloy at high temperature are required to be simultaneously improved for safety servicing. It is an effective method to strengthen alloys by adding alloying elements. The alloying element addition ratio of GH4169 alloy is more than 40%, which unavoidably leads to hard deforming and plasticity declining, so that it restricts the further application of the alloy. Therefore, it is key to find methods realizing strengthening-toughening and without any losing of hot-deforming ability. In this work, the plastic deformation behavior and strengthening-toughening mechanisms of GH4169 alloy with multi-field coupling (electric-pulse current (EPC)/temperature/stress) were investigated. The results show that the deformation resistance of GH4169 alloy decreases and plastic deformation ability increases with multi-field coupling. The thermal vibration of atoms enhances and thus leads to decreasing of Peierls force with multi-field coupling, which is the essential factor on decreasing of deformation resistance and increasing of plastic deformation coordinate ability. When the alloy aged with electric-pulse treatment (EPT)/temperature coupling, the ultimate strength, yield strength and fracture elongation increase simultaneously at elevated temperatures. The vacancy concentration increases of the alloy aged with EPT/temperature coupling. Vacancy induces ultrafine nm-sized γ" phase to precipitate during tensile deformation at high temperature, which is the key factor on strength and ductility improvement. At the same time, because of the EPT/temperature coupling ageing, part of γ" phases precipitate around dislocation, while, due to the increasing of γ" phase size, the ductility of the alloy will be improved. With the multi-field coupling treatment, the strengthening-toughening of GH4169 alloy can be realized depended on an appropriate distribution of two kind sizes of γ" phase.