Corrosion Behaivour of X65 Low Carbon Steel During Redox State Transition Process of High LevelNuclear Waste Disposal

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00481

Acta Metall Sin

2019, Vol. 55

Issue (7): 849-858 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00481

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Corrosion Behaivour of X65 Low Carbon Steel During Redox State Transition Process of High LevelNuclear Waste Disposal

Canshuai LIU^1,²,Zhaohui TIAN²,Zhiming ZHANG¹,Jianqiu WANG¹(

),En-Hou HAN¹

1. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2. Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Suzhou 215008, China

Cite this article:

Canshuai LIU,Zhaohui TIAN,Zhiming ZHANG,Jianqiu WANG,En-Hou HAN. Corrosion Behaivour of X65 Low Carbon Steel During Redox State Transition Process of High LevelNuclear Waste Disposal. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(7): 849-858.

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Abstract

Domestic and foreign researches on the corrosion behavior of low carbon steel canister in high level nuclear waste geological repositories focus on the initial aerobic stage and the later anaerobic stage, while few researches have been reported on the corrosion behavior during the disposal transition period. The long term electrochemical corrosion behavior of X65 low carbon steel in 80 ℃ Gaomiaozi bentonite saturated with anaerobic Beishan groundwater has been studied by electrochemical measurement system in anaerobic glovebox constructed independently. The results indicated that the open circuit potential of X65 low carbon steel decreased gradually during 150 d, while the electrochemical impedance of the corrosion film increased with immersion time. Pitting corrosion occurred at the beginning of immersion tests, and finally transformed into general corrosion. Morphologies, compositions, and phases of the corrosion film formed on the carbon steel surface were examined by SEM, EDS and μ?XRD. The results showed that the corrosion film was mainly composed of blocks, slices, rods and swellings. The elemental distribution in the corrosion film was uniform, and the phases were composed of magnetite and hematite. The average corrosion rates were detected by weight loss measurement, which decreased from 195.88 μm/a to 20.58 μm/a. The corrosion rates (V) followed a power function pattern V=8.34t^-0.88, indicating that the film growth process was controlled by oxygen diffusion.

Key words: geological dispodal low carbon steel corrosion electrochemical disffusion

Received: 22 October 2018

ZTFLH:

TF777.1

Fund: Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDY-SSWJSC012);Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDRW-CN-2017-1)

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	Canshuai LIU
	Zhaohui TIAN
	Zhiming ZHANG
	Jianqiu WANG
	En-Hou HAN

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00481 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2019/V55/I7/849

Fig.1 The evolution of disposal environment in high level nuclear waste repository

Fig.2 Schematic of the sampling location for immersion test

Fig.3 Schematic of two-electrode electrolytic cell (WE—working electrode, RE—reference electrode, CE—counter electrode, PTFE—polytetrafluoroethylene)

Fig.4 Open circuit potential (OCP) variation tendency with time of X65 low carbon steel in anoxic saturated bentonite (a) and E-pH diagram of Fe-H₂O system (b) at 80 ℃ (E—electrochemical potential)

Fig.5 μ-XRD spectra of corrosion products formed on X65 low carbon steel immersed in anoxic saturated bentonite at 80 ℃ for different time

Fig.6 EIS recorded on X65 low carbon steel in anoxic saturated bentonite at 80 ℃ for different time (Z—impedance, Z'—impedance real part, Z''—impedance imaginary part)

Fig.7 Equivalent circuit and physical model of EIS recorded on X65 low carbon steel in anoxic saturated bentonite at 80 ℃ for 1~40 d (a) and 60~150 d (b) (R_s—corrosion media resistance, R_ct—charge transfer resistance, R_L—localized corrosion resistance, R_f—film resistance, L—inductance, Q_dl—constant phase angle element of electric double layer, Q_f—constant phase angle element of electric double layer, W—Warburg resistance)

Table 1 Fitting parameters of EIS spectra of X65 low carbon steel in anoxic saturated bentonite at 80 ℃for 1~40 d

Fig.8 Surface morphologies of X65 low carbon steel immersed in anoxic saturated bentonite at 80 ℃ for 10 d (a), 50 d (b), 100 d (c) and 150 d (d)

Fig.9 Cross sectional morphologies of X65 low carbon steel immersed in anoxic saturated bentonite at 80 ℃ for 10 d (a), 50 d (b), 100 d (c) and 150 d (d)

Table 2 Fitting parameters of EIS of X65 low carbon steel in anoxic saturated bentonite at 80 ℃ for 60~150 d

Fig.10 Typical micro morphologies including blocks (a), slices (b), rods (c) and swellings (d) of corrosion products on X65 low carbon steel in saturated bentonite at 80 ℃ for 150 d

Table 3 Average elemental composition of corrosion products with typical morphologies formed on X65 low carbon steel in saturated bentonite at 80 ℃

Fig.11 Elemental distributions on cross section (selected area in Fig.9d) of corrosion products formed on X65 low carbon steel immersed in saturated bentonite at 80 ℃ for 150 d

Fig.12 Fitting results of the relationship between average corrosion rate (V) and time when X65 low carbon steel has been immersed in saturated bentonite at 80 ℃ (R²—variances between three parallel tests)

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