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Acta Metall Sin  2019, Vol. 55 Issue (2): 171-180    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00404
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The Routes and Mechanism of Plasma Facing Tungsten Materials to Improve Ductility
Yucheng WU1,2,3()
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
2 National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
3 Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering of New Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Cite this article: 

Yucheng WU. The Routes and Mechanism of Plasma Facing Tungsten Materials to Improve Ductility. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(2): 171-180.

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Abstract  

As a candidate for plasma facing material (PFM) in nuclear fusion situation, polycrystalline W with a characteristic of bad low temperature ductility shows brittle behaviour at room temperature and possesses a high ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, which limits its engineering application. In this paper, several common methods of grain refinement, addition of alloying elements, second-phase particles and tungsten fibre, and deformation processing for improving ductility of W are illustrated. To in-depth comprehend of how to improving W toughening, these toughening methods are discussed from intrinsic or extrinsic toughening mechanisms. Furthermore, the research status and development prospects for improving ductility of W materials have been presented.

Key words:  plasma facing material      W      toughening mechanism      mechanical performance      intrinsic toughening      extrinsic toughening     
Received:  31 August 2018     
ZTFLH:  TG146.4  
Fund: Supported by Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program of National Key Basic Research Program of China (No.2014-GB121001B), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51474083, 51574101, 51674095 and 51675154) and Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (No.B18018)

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00404     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2019/V55/I2/171

Fig.1  Schematic illustration of intrinsic versus extrinsic toughening mechanisms[36]
Fig.2  SEM fracture morphologies of 93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe-0.03Y alloy after tensile test at 25 ℃ (a), 500 ℃ (b), 800 ℃ (c) and 1100 ℃ (d)[63]
Fig.3  Low (a1~c1) and high (a2~c2) magnified SEM morphologies of pure W (a1, a2), W-1%TaC (b1, b2) and W-1%TiC (c1, c2) after thermal shock test[76]
Fig.4  Fracture toughness (K) of W single crystal with different crack systems at different temperatures[82] (a) {100}<001> and {100}<011> (b) {110}<001> and {110}<011>
Fig.5  Charpy energy of the rolled pure W with different rolling reductions at different temperatures[86]
Fig.6  Schematic of the toughening mechanism of fibre-reinforced tungsten composites[102]
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