The Routes and Mechanism of Plasma Facing Tungsten Materials to Improve Ductility
Yucheng WU1,2,3()
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China 2 National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China 3 Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering of New Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Cite this article:
Yucheng WU. The Routes and Mechanism of Plasma Facing Tungsten Materials to Improve Ductility. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(2): 171-180.
As a candidate for plasma facing material (PFM) in nuclear fusion situation, polycrystalline W with a characteristic of bad low temperature ductility shows brittle behaviour at room temperature and possesses a high ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, which limits its engineering application. In this paper, several common methods of grain refinement, addition of alloying elements, second-phase particles and tungsten fibre, and deformation processing for improving ductility of W are illustrated. To in-depth comprehend of how to improving W toughening, these toughening methods are discussed from intrinsic or extrinsic toughening mechanisms. Furthermore, the research status and development prospects for improving ductility of W materials have been presented.
Fund: Supported by Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program of National Key Basic Research Program of China (No.2014-GB121001B), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51474083, 51574101, 51674095 and 51675154) and Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (No.B18018)
Fig.1 Schematic illustration of intrinsic versus extrinsic toughening mechanisms[36]
Fig.2 SEM fracture morphologies of 93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe-0.03Y alloy after tensile test at 25 ℃ (a), 500 ℃ (b), 800 ℃ (c) and 1100 ℃ (d)[63]
Fig.3 Low (a1~c1) and high (a2~c2) magnified SEM morphologies of pure W (a1, a2), W-1%TaC (b1, b2) and W-1%TiC (c1, c2) after thermal shock test[76]
Fig.4 Fracture toughness (K) of W single crystal with different crack systems at different temperatures[82] (a) {100}<001> and {100}<011> (b) {110}<001> and {110}<011>
Fig.5 Charpy energy of the rolled pure W with different rolling reductions at different temperatures[86]
Fig.6 Schematic of the toughening mechanism of fibre-reinforced tungsten composites[102]
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