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Acta Metall Sin  2017, Vol. 53 Issue (10): 1393-1401    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00271
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Properties of Carbon Ion Implanted Biomedical Titanium
Chao XIA1,2, Shi QIAN1, Donghui WANG1, Xuanyong LIU1()
1 Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Cite this article: 

Chao XIA, Shi QIAN, Donghui WANG, Xuanyong LIU. Properties of Carbon Ion Implanted Biomedical Titanium. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(10): 1393-1401.

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Abstract  

Titanium and its alloys are widely used in hard tissue replacements because of their good biocompatibility. However, titanium and its alloys cannot meet all of the clinical requirements. In this work, carbon ions were implanted into the titanium surfaces using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D) technology to improve the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biological and antibacterial activities. Influences of the injected carbon on the surface morphology, composition and structure of titanium were investigated. Hydrophilicity, surface potential, surface mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, bacterial adhesion and biocompatibility of the modified titanium surfaces were evaluated, and the effects which the structure and composition of the modified layer have on their biological properties were elaborated preliminarily. Experimental results show that the modified layer treated by carbon plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (C-PIII&D) is mainly composed of amorphous carbon. The surface morphology of the modified titanium has no obvious change. However, its surface turns to be more hydrophobic and electronegative, and the surface mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are improved. Cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation on the modified surface are in good condition while the adhesion of E. coli is inhibited to a certain extent.

Key words:  Ti,PIII&D      C      mechanical property      corrosion resistance      bacterial adhesion     
Received:  05 July 2017     
ZTFLH:  TG174.4  
Fund: Supported by National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No.51525207), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51401234) and Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China (No.15441904900)

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00271     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2017/V53/I10/1393

Instrument Implantation voltage
kV
Implantation pulse duration / μs Pulsing frequency
Hz
Implantation time
h
Target -20 500 10 0.5, 1.0
Cathode arc - 1000 10 -
Table 1  Parameters used in carbon plasma immersion ion implantation & deposition (C-PIII&D)
Fig.1  Surface SEM images of Ti (a), C0.5 (b) , C1 (c) samples
Fig.2  Raman spectra of Ti (a), C0.5 (b), C1 (c) samples
Fig.3  C 1s high resolution XPS spectra obtained from the surface of C0.5 (a) and C1 (b) samples
Sample Amorphous carbon Graphite C—O
C0.5 88.9 8.6 2.5
C1 91.5 6.0 2.5
Table 2  Area percentage of each fitting peak calculated by XPS (%)
Fig.4  Water contact angles of various samples (p—statistically significant difference, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001)
Fig.5  Zeta potential variations vs pH acquired from titanium surface before and after C-PIII&D
Fig.6  Nano-hardness of titanium surface before and after C-PIII&D
Fig.7  Polarization curves of samples in 0.9%NaCl solution before and after C-PIII&D
Fig.8  SEM images of the E. coli seeded on the various surfaces after 12 h inclubation
(a) Ti (b) C0.5 (c) C1
Fig.9  Schematic of the possible bacterial adhesion mechanism on the titanium surface before and after C-PIII&D
Fig.10  Fluorescence microscopy images of MC3T3-E1 cultured on various surfaces for 1 h (a1~c1), 4 h (a2~c2) and 24 h (a3~c3)
(a1~a3) Ti (b1~b3) C0.5 (c1~c3) C1
Fig.11  Proliferative activity of MC3T3-E1 cultured on various surfaces for 1, 4 and 7 d
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